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Schizothorax
''Schizothorax'' is a genus of cyprinid fish from Central and East Asia. Their scientific name means "cloven-breast", from Ancient Greek ''schízeïn'' (σχίζειν) "to cleave" + ''thórax'' (θώραξ) "breast-plate" (see also thorax). The western species are typically referred to as marinkas from their Russian name ''marinka'' (маринка; plural: маринки ''marinki''), while the eastern species are usually called "snowtrouts". But though they do resemble trouts in habitus this is merely due to convergent evolution and they are by no means closely related apart from both being Teleostei: Cyprinids are in the teleost superorder Ostariophysi, while trouts are in the superorder Protacanthopterygii. Their ancestors must thus have diverged as early as the Triassic, more than 200 million years ago.
Other "snowtrouts" – most if not all presumably closely related to ''Schizothorax'' – are found in the genera ''Diptychus, Ptychobarbus, Schizopyge'' and ''Schizopygopsis''. The latter two were formerly often included in the present genus, and their delimitation is still not entirely clear. In any case, the genus ''Schizothorax'' (and other "snowtrouts") are in turn related to such cyprinids as the typical barbels (''Barbus'' ''sensu stricto'' and the doubtfully distinct ''Luciobarbus'' and ''Messinobarbus''), ''Carasobarbus'', ''Labeobarbus'' (yellowfish), ''Aulopyge'' (Dalmatian Barbelgudgeon), and ''Cyprinion''. They were thus placed in the subfamily Barbinae, which is quite paraphyletic however and thus here merged with the Cyprininae at least for the largest part (including the marinkas), becoming its junior synonym in the process.
==Species==
There are currently 63 recognized species in this genus:〔
* ''Schizothorax argentatus'' Kessler, 1874 (Balkhash marinka)
* ''Schizothorax beipanensis'' Jian Yang, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2009
* ''Schizothorax biddulphi'' Günther, 1876
* ''Schizothorax chongi'' (P. W. Fang, 1936)
* ''Schizothorax cryptolepis'' T. Y. Fu & M. R. Ye, 1984
* ''Schizothorax curvifrons'' Heckel, 1838 (Sattar snowtrout)
* ''Schizothorax curvilabiatus'' (Wu & Tsao, 1992)
* ''Schizothorax davidi'' (Sauvage, 1880)
* ''Schizothorax dolichonema'' Herzenstein, 1889
* ''Schizothorax dulongensis'' S. Y. Huang, 1985
* ''Schizothorax edeniana'' McClelland, 1842
* ''Schizothorax elongatus'' S. Y. Huang, 1985
* ''Schizothorax esocinus'' Heckel, 1838 (Chirruh snowtrout)
* ''Schizothorax eurystomus'' Kessler, 1872
* ''Schizothorax gongshanensis'' W. H. Tsao, 1964
* ''Schizothorax grahami'' (Regan, 1904)
* ''Schizothorax griseus'' Pellegrin, 1931
* ''Schizothorax heteri'' Jian Yang, L. P. Zheng, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2013〔Yang, J., Zheng, L.-P., Chen, X.-Y. & Yang, J.-X. (2013): (Description of two new species and revision of ''Schizothorax'' distributed in the Irrawaddy drainage area in China. ) ''Zoological Research, 34 (4): 361-367.'' (In Chinese with English abstract)〕
* ''Schizothorax heterochilus'' M. R. Ye & T. Y. Fu, 1986
* ''Schizothorax heterophysallidos'' Jian Yang, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2009
* ''Schizothorax huegelii'' Heckel, 1838
* ''Schizothorax integrilabiatus'' (Wu et al., 1992)
* ''Schizothorax kozlovi'' A. M. Nikolskii, 1903
* ''Schizothorax kumaonensis'' Menon, 1971 (Kumaon snowtrout)
* ''Schizothorax labiatus'' (McClelland, 1842) (Kunar snowtrout)
* ''Schizothorax labrosus'' Y. H. Wang, D. D. Zhuang & L. C. Gao, 1981
* ''Schizothorax lantsangensis'' W. H. Tsao, 1964
* ''Schizothorax lepidothorax'' J. X. Yang, 1991
* ''Schizothorax leukus'' Jian Yang, L. P. Zheng, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2013〔
* ''Schizothorax lissolabiatus'' W. H. Tsao, 1964
* ''Schizothorax longibarbus'' (P. W. Fang, 1936)
* ''Schizothorax macrophthalmus'' Terashima, 1984 (Nepalese snowtrout)
* ''Schizothorax macropogon'' Regan, 1905
* ''Schizothorax malacanthus'' S. Y. Huang, 1985
* ''Schizothorax meridionalis'' W. H. Tsao, 1964
* ''Schizothorax microcephalus'' F. Day, 1877
* ''Schizothorax microstomus'' S. Y. Hwang, 1982
* ''Schizothorax molesworthi'' (B. L. Chaudhuri, 1913)
* ''Schizothorax myzostomus'' W. H. Tsao, 1964
* ''Schizothorax nasus'' Heckel, 1838 (Dongu snowtrout)
* ''Schizothorax nepalensis'' Terashima, 1984
* ''Schizothorax ninglangensis'' Y. H. Wang, K. X. Zhang & D. D. Zhuang, 1981
* ''Schizothorax nudiventris'' Jian Yang, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2009
* ''Schizothorax nukiangensis'' W. H. Tsao, 1964
* ''Schizothorax oconnori'' Lloyd, 1908
* ''Schizothorax oligolepis'' S. Y. Huang, 1985
* ''Schizothorax parvus'' W. H. Tsao, 1964
* ''Schizothorax pelzami'' Kessler, 1870 (Transcaspian marinka)
* ''Schizothorax plagiostomus'' Heckel, 1838 (Asaila/asela)
* ''Schizothorax prenanti'' (T. L. Tchang, 1930)
* ''Schizothorax progastus'' (McClelland, 1839) (Dinnawah snowtrout)
* ''Schizothorax prophylax'' Pietschmann, 1933
* ''Schizothorax pseudoaksaiensis'' Herzenstein, 1889
*
* ''Schizothorax pseudoaksaiensis issykkuli'' L. S. Berg, 1907 (Issyk-kul marinka)
*
* ''Schizothorax pseudoaksaiensis pseudoaksaiensis'' Herzenstein, 1889 (Ili marinka)
* ''Schizothorax ramzani'' (Javed, Azizullah & Pervaiz, 2012)〔Javed, M.N., Azizullah & Pervaiz, K. (2012): ''Racoma ramzani'', A New Snow Carp (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae) From Pakistan. ''(Biologia (Pakistan), 58 (1&2) ): 175-178.''〕
* ''Schizothorax raraensis'' Terashima, 1984
* ''Schizothorax richardsonii'' (J. E. Gray, 1832) (Common snowtrout, "asaila"/"asela")
* ''Schizothorax rotundimaxillaris'' Y. F. Wu & C. Z. Wu, 1992
* ''Schizothorax sinensis'' Herzenstein, 1889
* ''Schizothorax skarduensis'' Mirza & A. A. Awan, 1978
* ''Schizothorax waltoni'' Regan, 1905
* ''Schizothorax wangchiachii'' (P. W. Fang, 1936)
* ''Schizothorax yunnanensis'' Norman, 1923
*
* ''Schizothorax yunnanensis paoshanensis'' W. H. Tsao, 1964
*
* ''Schizothorax yunnanensis weiningensis'' Yi-Yu Chen, 1998
*
* ''Schizothorax yunnanensis yunnanensis'' Norman, 1923
* ''Schizothorax zarudnyi'' (A. M. Nikolskii, 1897)
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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