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Schout-bij-nacht ()〔''Schout'' in isolation: (:ˈsxʌu̯t).〕 is a Dutch Naval rank, equivalent to rear admiral in the US Navy and Royal Navy. It is the second most junior admiral position of the Dutch Navy, ranking above ''commandeur'' ("commodore") and below a ''vice-admiraal'' ("vice admiral"). The rank of ''schout-bij-nacht'' originated between the 15th and 16th century. Interpreted as "watch-at-night", the ''schout-bij-nacht'' was the officer who supervised the ship when the captain was asleep. In later times the ''schout-bij-nacht'' was also the officer who supervised an entire naval squadron, in the absence of a senior admiral, and by the 17th century ''schout-bij-nacht'' was the common rank held by the naval commander of a battle fleet's rear squadron. In the 17th century the navies of Sweden and Denmark-Norway adopted the rank as ''schoutbynacht'' and the early Imperial Russian Navy as шаутбенахт ("shautbenakht"). In 1724 the Russians, followed in 1771 by both the Swedish navy and the Dano-Norwegian navy changed the name of the rank to counter admiral (''контр-адмирал'' in Russian, ''konteramiral'' in Swedish, ''kontreadmiral'' in Danish and Norwegian). File:Nl-marine-vloot-schout schout bij nacht.svg|The rank insignia of a ''schout-bij-nacht'' ==Famous ''schout-bij-nacht''s== * * Karel Doorman * * Willem van der Zaen * Johan Zoutman 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Schout-bij-nacht」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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