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Schwertmannite
Schwertmannite is an iron-oxyhydroxysulfate mineral with an ideal chemical formula of 88()6()·nH2O
or Fe3+16O16(OH,SO4)12-13·10-12H2O.〔http://www.mindat.org/min-7281.html Mindat〕 It is an opaque tetragonal mineral typically occurring as brownish yellow encrustations. It has a Mohs hardness of 2.5 - 3.5 and a specific gravity of 3.77 - 3.99.〔http://webmineral.com/data/Schwertmannite.shtml Webmineral〕
It was first described for an occurrence in Finland in 1994 and named for Udo Schwertmann (born 1927) soil scientist, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.〔http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/schwertmannite.pdf Mineral Handbook〕
Schwertmannite (with a distinct "pin cushion" morphology) commonly forms in iron-rich, acid sulfate waters in the pH-range of 2 - 4. The mineral was first recognised officially as a new mineral from a natural acid-sulfate spring occurrence at Pyhäsalmi, Finland.〔Bigham, JM, Carlson, L, Murad, E (1994) Schwertmannite, a new iron oxyhydroxysulfate from Pyhasalmi, Finland, and other localities. ''Mineral Mag'' 58, 641-664〕 However, it is more commonly reported as an orange precipitate in streams and lakes affected by acid mine drainage.〔Bigham, JM, Schwertmann, U, Carlson, L, Murad, E (1996) Schwertmannite and the chemical modeling of iron in acid sulfate waters. ''Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta'' 54, 2743-2758.〕 Schwertmannite is also known to be central to iron-sulfur geochemistry in acid sulfate soils associated with coastal lowlands.〔Burton, ED, Bush, RT, Sullivan, LA (2007) Reductive transformation of iron and sulfur in schwertmannite-rich accumulations associated with acidified coastal lowlands. ''Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta'' 71, 4456-4473〕
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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