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The town of Schwyz (; (イタリア語:Svitto)) is the capital of the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. The Federal Charter of 1291 or ''Bundesbrief'', the charter that eventually led to the foundation of Switzerland, can be seen at the ''Bundesbriefmuseum''. The official language of Schwyz is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect. ==Name== The earliest certain record of the name dates to 972 as ''villa Suittes''. There are a number of uncertain records dated between 924 and 960, in the form ''Swites'' (''Suuites'') and ''Switz''.〔Viktor Wiebel, 'Suittes - Schwyz - Schweiz : Geschichte und Deutung des Namens Schwyz' ''Mitteilungen des historischen Vereins des Kantons Schwyz'' 65 (1972) ((retro.seals.ch )) 〕 The name is recorded as ''Schwitz'' in the 13th century, and in the 17th to 18th century often as ''Schweitz''. The name's etymology is uncertain. It was long presented as derived from the name of an eponymous founder in Swiss legend, one ''Suito'' or ''Switer'', an explanation found in Swiss school textbooks until the first half of the 20th century. There is currently no consensus on the name's derivation.〔''Lexikon der schweizerischen Gemeindenamen'', Frauenfeld 2005, 819f.〕 A Germanic etymology was suggested by Gatschet (1867), deriving the name from an Old High German verb ''suedan'' "to burn" (referring to slash-and-burn clearing of woodland for habitation).〔Albert S. Gatschet, ''Ortsetymologische Forschungen als Beiträge zu einer Toponomastik der Schweiz'', 1867.〕 Brandstetter (1871) is critical of Gatschet's suggestion and prefers derivation from an Alemannic personal name in ''Svid-'' as it were presenting a scholarly defense of the ''Suito'' of the founding legend.〔Brandstetter, ''Die Ortsnamen Schwiz und Stans'' (1871). ''Svid-'' as a first element in Germanic names (such as ''Svidger, ''Svidbert, Svidulf'' is somewhat rare but well recorded, Förtsemann, ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'' (1856), (1138 ).〕 The etymology proposed for the ''Schweizerisches Idiotikon'' by Hubschmied (1929) derives the name from a Gallo-Roman '' *(alpes) suētas'', from the Gaulish or Latin word for "pig", via a Romance '' *suēdes'' "(mountain, pasture) of pigs" yielding an Alemannic ''Swītes''. Hubschmied himself distanced himself from this opinion in 1961, preferring an unspecified pre-Roman (or "Etruscan") source. Sonderegger (1966) revisits Gatschet's ''suedan'' "slash-and-burn" proposal, but now claims derivation from a cognate Celtic root, '' *sveit-'', Proto-Celtic '' *sveitos'' with a meaning of "clearing" or similar, giving Gaulish '' *Svētos'' (the long vowel as in ''Rēnos'' "Rhine"), Gallo-Romance '' *Svēdus, -is'', and finally ''Swītes''in Old High German by the 8th century.〔Stefan Sonderegger, 'Die Ausbildung der deutsch-romanischen Sprachgrenze in der Schweiz im Mittelalter', ''Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter'' 31, Bonn, 1966/67, 223-290. A summary of the history of suggestions is given in Viktor Weibel, ''Suittes - Schwyz - Schweiz : Geschichte und Deutung des Namens Schwyz', ''Mitteilungen des historischen Vereins des Kantons Schwyz'' 65 (1972).〕 The name ''Schwyz'' was extended to the area dominated by Schwyz (the Canton of Schwyz), and later to the entire Old Swiss Confederacy. Other cantons tended to resent this in the 15th century, but after 1499 the term ''Schwyzer'' was widely self-adopted, out of spite so to speak, since it had been employed as a term of abuse by the Swabian side during the Swabian War. ''Eidgenossenschaft'' and ''Schwytzerland'' (the origin of the English name "Switzerland") could be used interchangeably as country names in the 16th century. The Swiss German pronunciation is homophonous for the name of the town and that of the country (the two are distinguished only by use of the definite article for the latter, "Schwyz", "Switzerland"). The spelling of ''y'' for () originates as a ligature ''ij'' in 15th-century handwriting. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Schwyz」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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