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Scoliosis (;〔http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/scoliosis〕 from 〔(''Online Etymology Dictionary'' ). Douglas Harper, Historian. Accessed 27 December 2008. Dictionary.com〕) is a medical condition in which a person's spinal axis has a three-dimensional deviation. Although it is a complex three-dimensional condition, on an X-ray, viewed from the rear, the spine of an individual with scoliosis can resemble an "S" or a "C", rather than a straight line. Scoliosis is typically classified as either congenital (caused by vertebral anomalies present at birth), idiopathic (cause unknown, sub-classified as infantile, juvenile, adolescent, or adult, according to when onset occurred), or secondary to a primary condition. Secondary scoliosis can be the result of a neuromuscular condition (e.g., spina bifida, cerebral palsy, spinal muscular atrophy, or physical trauma) or syndromes such as Chiari malformation.〔 Recent longitudinal studies reveal that the most common form of the condition, ''late-onset idiopathic scoliosis'', causes little physical impairment other than back pain and cosmetic concerns, even when untreated, with mortality rates similar to the general population.〔〔 Older beliefs that untreated idiopathic scoliosis necessarily progresses into severe (cardiopulmonary) disability by old age have been refuted by later studies.〔("It was once assumed, on the basis of studies in heterogeneous patient populations, that patients with untreated adolescent scoliosis would necessarily become wheelchair-dependent in old age and were likely to die of cardiopulmonary arrest for reasons related to scoliosis. This is no longer held to be the case. (Dtsch Arztebl Int. Dec 2010; 107(49): 875–884.)" )〕 The rarer forms of scoliosis pose risks of complications such as heart and lung problems. Scoliosis is a life-long condition; management of the condition includes treatments such as bracing, physical therapy and surgery. ==Signs and symptoms== People having reached skeletal maturity are less likely to have a worsening case. Some severe cases of scoliosis can lead to diminishing lung capacity, putting pressure on the heart, and restricting physical activities. The signs of scoliosis can include: *Uneven musculature on one side of the spine *A rib prominence or a prominent shoulder blade, caused by rotation of the ribcage in thoracic scoliosis *Uneven hips, arms or leg lengths *Slow nerve action (in some cases) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Scoliosis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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