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Scopophilia or scoptophilia (from Greek σκοπέω ''skopeō'', "look to, examine" and φιλία ''philia'', "tendency toward"), is deriving pleasure from looking. As an expression of sexuality, it refers to sexual pleasure derived from looking at erotic objects: erotic photographs, pornography, naked bodies, etc. ==Psychoanalysis== The term was introduced to translate Freud's ''Schaulust'', or pleasure in looking.〔Jacques Lacan, ''The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psycho-Analysis'' (1994) p. 194〕 Freud considered pleasure in looking to be a regular partial instinct in childhood,〔Sigmund Freud, ''On Sexuality'' (PFL 7) pp. 109–10〕 which might be sublimated into interest in art, or alternatively become fixated into what the Rat man called "a burning and tormenting curiosity to see the female body".〔Quoted in Sigmund Freud, ''Case Histories II'' (PFL 9) pp. 41–2〕 Freud thought that inhibition of scopophilia might lead to actual disturbances of vision;〔Sigmund Freud, ''On Psychopathology'' (PFL 10) pp. 112–3〕 other analysts have suggested that it might lead to a retreat from concrete objects into a world of abstractions.〔Otto Fenichel, ''The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis'' (1946) p. 177〕 Scopophilia was developed in the psychoanalytic theorizing of Otto Fenichel, with special reference to identification.〔Otto Fenichel, (''The Scoptophilic Instinct and Identification'' ) (1953) ISBN 0-393-33741-3〕 Fenichel maintained that "a child who is looking for libidinous purposes...wants to look at an object in order to 'feel along with him'".〔Fenichel, ''Theory'', p. 71〕 He also explored how looking could substitute for acting in those anxious to avoid guilt.〔Fenichel, ''Theory'', p. 348〕 Jacques Lacan subsequently drew on Sartre's theory of the gaze to link scopophilia with the apprehension of the other: "the gaze is this object lost and suddenly refound in the conflagration of shame, by the introduction of the other".〔Lacan, p. 183〕 Lacan privileged scopophilia in his theory of how desire is captured by the imaginary image of the other;〔Jacques Lacan, ''Television'' (1990) p. 86〕 other French analysts have emphasised how the discovery of sexual difference in childhood, and the accompanying sense of not knowing subsequently fuels the scopophilic drive. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Scopophilia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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