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Scylax of Caryanda was a renowned Greek explorer and writer of the late 6th and early 5th centuries BCE. His own writings are lost, though occasionally cited or quoted by later Greek and Roman authors. The periplus sometimes called the ''Periplus of Scylax'' is not, in fact, by him; that so-called ''Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax'' was written in about the early 330s BCE by an unknown author working in the ambit of the post-Platonic Academy and/or the Aristotelian Peripatos (Lyceum) at Athens. ==Exploration and literary works== In about 515 BCE, Scylax was sent by King Darius I of Persia to follow the course of the Indus River and discover where it led. Scylax and his companions set out from the city of Caspatyrus in Gandhara (which would mean he entered the Indus close to its confluence with the Kabul River, near to what is now Peshawar in Pakistan). Scylax sailed down the river until he found it reached the sea. He then sailed west across the Indian Ocean until he arrived at the Red Sea, which he also explored. He travelled as far as the Red Sea's western end at Suez, before returning to report to Darius I. His entire journey took thirty months. Such, at least, is the ''prima facie'' narrative based on Herodotos. Recently, however, Dmitri Panchenko has argued persuasively, on the basis of apparent references to Scylax's work in the late Greek author Philostratos, that Scylax in fact travelled across North India, made his way down the Ganges, and arrived at Taprobane (Sri Lanka). He has also calculated the likely date of Scylax's departure for India as July 518 BCE.〔Panchenko, D. V., ‘Scylax’ circumnavigation of India and its interpretation in early Greek geography, ethnography and cosmography, I’, ''Hyperboreus'', 4. 2 (1998), 211–42; id., ‘Scylax in Philostratus’ Life of Apollonius of Tyana’, ''Hyperboreus'', 8. 1 (2002), 5–12; id., ‘Scylax’ circumnavigation of India and its interpretation in early Greek geography, ethnography and cosmography, II’, ''Hyperboreus'', 9. 2 (2003), 274–94.〕 Scylax was famous in the ancient world. He is mentioned by Strabo as an "ancient writer."〔(Strabo, Geography 14. 2. 20 ) (''Σκύλαξ ὁ παλαιὸς συγγραφεύς''). Scylax was mentioned (12. 4. 8 ) and (13. 1. 4 )〕 According to the ''Suda'', he also wrote (perhaps "in the decades around 480 B.C."〔Arnaldo Momigliano, ''The Development of Greek Biography'', Harvard UP, 1971, p. 29〕) a life of his contemporary, Heraclides of Mylasa (τὰ κατὰ Ἡρακλείδην τὸν Μυλασσῶν βασιλέα), who is mentioned in Herodotus 5.121. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Scylax of Caryanda」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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