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Scylletium
Scylletium 〔Also spelled Scolacium, Scylacium, Scolatium, Scyllaceum, Scalacium, or Scylaeium in Latin – (Greek: , per Stephanus of Byzantium and Strabo, or , per Ptolemy), and later, Minervium and Colonia Minervia. See .〕 was an ancient seaside city in Calabria, southern Italy. Its ruins can be found at the ''frazione'' of Roccelletta, in the ''comune'' of Borgia, near Catanzaro, facing the Gulf of Squillace.
==History==
Scylletium was situated on the east coast of Calabria (ancient Bruttium), on the shores of an extensive bay, to which it gave the name of Scylleticus Sinus.〔Strabo vi. p. 261.〕 It is this bay, still known as the Gulf of Squillace ((イタリア語:Golfo di Squillace)), which indents the coast of Calabria on the east as deeply as that of Hipponium or Terina (the Gulf of Saint Eufemia, Italian: ''Golfo di Sant'Eufemia'') does on the west, so that they leave but a comparatively narrow isthmus between them.〔Strabo ''l. c.''; Pliny iii. 10. s. 15.〕 According to a tradition generally received in ancient times, Scylletium was founded by an Athenian colony, a part of the followers who had accompanied Menestheus to the Trojan War.〔Strabo ''l. c.''; Pliny ''l. c.''; Servius ''ad Aeneidos'' iii. 553.)〕 Another tradition was, however, extant, which ascribed its foundation to Ulysses.〔Cassiod. Var. xii. 15; Servius ''l. c.''.〕 But no historical value can be attached to such statements, and there is no trace in historical times of Scylletium having been a Greek colony, still less an Athenian one. Its name is not mentioned either by Scylax or Scymnus Chius in enumerating the Greek cities in this part of Italy, nor is there any allusion to its Athenian origin in Thucydides at the time of the Athenian expedition to Sicily. We learn from Diodorus〔xiii. 3.〕 that it certainly did not display any friendly feeling towards the Athenians. It appears, indeed, during the historical period of the Greek colonies to have been a place of inferior consideration, and a mere dependency of Crotona, to which city it continued subject until it was wrested from its power by the elder Dionysius, who assigned it with its territory to the Loerians.〔Strabo vi. p. 261.〕 It is evident that it was still a small and unimportant place at the time of the Second Punic War, as no mention is found of its name during the operations of Hannibal in Bruttium, though he appears to have for some time had his headquarters in its immediate neighborhood, and the place called Castra Hannibalis must have been very near to Scylletium.
In 124 BCE the Romans, at the instigation of C. Gracchus, sent a colony to Scylletium, which appears to have assumed the name of Minervium or Colonia Minervia.〔Velleius Paterculus i. 15; Mommsen, in ''Berichte der Sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften'', 1849, pp. 49–51.〕 The name is written by Velleius Scolatium; and the form Scolacium is found also in an inscription of the reign of Antoninus Pius, from which it appears that the place must have received a fresh colony under Nerva.〔Orell. ''Inscr.'' 136; Mommsen, ''l. c.''〕 Scylletium appears to have become a considerable town after it received the Roman colony, and continued such throughout the Roman Empire.〔Pomponius Mela ii. 4. § 8; Pliny iii. 10. s. 15; Ptolemy iii. 1. § 11.〕 Towards the close of this period it was distinguished as the birthplace of Cassiodorus (Aurelius Cassiodorus), founder of the ''Vivarium'', a monastery dedicated to the coexistence of coenobitic monks and hermits, who has left us a detailed but rhetorical description of the beauty of its situation, and fertility of its territory.〔Cassiod. ''Var.'' xii. 15.〕 Cassiodorus' writings also make mention of production of highly priced terra cotta.
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