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Sebacina
''Sebacina'' is a genus of fungi in the family Sebacinaceae. Its species are mycorrhizal, forming a range of associations with trees, orchids, and other plants. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are produced on soil and litter, sometimes partly encrusting stems of living plants. The fruit bodies are cartilaginous to rubbery-gelatinous and variously effused to coral-shaped. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, but less than a dozen species are currently recognized worldwide.
==Taxonomy==
The genus was first published in 1871 by Louis and Charles Tulasne who had discovered that two species (''Sebacina incrustans'' and ''S. epigaea'') previously referred to ''Corticium'' or ''Thelephora'' possessed septate basidia, similar to those found in the genus ''Tremella''. Although it was unusual at that time to separate fungal genera on purely microscopic characters, ''Sebacina'' was erected for effused, ''Corticium''-like fungi with tremelloid basidia.〔
Many additional species were added to the genus by subsequent authors. Most, however, proved to be unrelated to ''Sebacina'' and were removed in 1957 by Ervin, who shuffled some species to ''Heterochaetella'' (for example, ''Heterochaetella dubia'', now ''Stypella dubia'' (Bourdot & Galzin) P. Roberts), ''Bourdotia'' and ''Exidiopsis''.〔 In 1961, Wells also transferred many species to the genus ''Exidiopsis''.〔 The type species, ''S. incrustans'', has a variable morphology, which has led to it being assigned a number of names.〔〔
Recent molecular research has shown that ''Sebacina'' is far more diverse than previously assumed, though this genetic diversity may not be reflected in morphological characters (in other words, species may be impossible to distinguish except by DNA analysis). The same research also shows that the genus splits into two groups, one clustered with the type species, the other clustered with a species sometimes referred to as "Sebacina vermifera" (though this is a misidentification). This latter species is distinct in forming thin, waxy fruit bodies and the group may not be part of ''Sebacina'' in the strict sense. Even in the strict sense, ''Sebacina'' is artificial, not being clearly distinct from related genera such as the coral-like ''Tremellodendron''.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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