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The Second Epistle of Peter, often referred to as Second Peter and written 2 Peter or in Roman numerals II Peter (especially in older references), is a book of the New Testament of the Bible, written in the name of Saint Peter, although the vast majority of modern scholars regard it as pseudepigraphical.〔Wallace, Daniel (Second Peter: Introduction, Argument, and Outline )〕 Second Peter quotes from and adapts Jude extensively,〔Albert E. Barnett, ''The Interpreters' Bible'', 1957, volume 12, p. 154 "The incorporation of Jude as its seconed chapter"〕 identifies Jesus with God, and addresses a threatening heresy which had arisen because the anticipated Second Coming of Christ had not yet occurred. It is the only New Testament book to treat other New Testament writings as scripture. Second Peter was one of the last letters included in the New Testament canon and is one of the texts that were in dispute before the canon was finalized. == Composition == According to the Epistle itself, it was composed by the Apostle Peter, an eyewitness to Jesus' ministry. It criticizes "false teachers" who distort the authentic, apostolic tradition, and predicts judgment for them. 2 Peter explains that God has delayed the Second Coming of Christ so that more people will have the chance to reject evil and find salvation. It calls on Christians to wait patiently for the parousia and to study scripture. The date of composition has proven to be very difficult to determine. Commentaries and reference books have placed 2 Peter in almost every decade from AD 60 to 160.〔Bauckham, RJ (1983), Word Bible Commentary, Vol.50, Jude-2 Peter, Waco〕 Most biblical scholars have concluded Peter is not the author, considering the epistle pseudepigraphical.〔Brown, Raymond E., Introduction to the New Testament, Anchor Bible, 1997, ISBN 0-385-24767-2. p. 767 "the pseudonymity of II Pet is more certain than that of any other NT work."〕 Reasons for this include its linguistic differences from 1 Peter, its apparent use of Jude, possible allusions to 2nd-century gnosticism, encouragement in the wake of a delayed parousia, and weak external support.〔Grant, Robert M. ( ''A Historical Introduction To The New Testament'', chap. 14 ).〕 The questions of authorship and date are closely related. For Petrine authorship to be authentic, it must have been written prior to Peter's death in ''c'' AD 65–67. The letter refers to the Pauline epistles and so must post-date at least some of them, regardless of authorship, thus a date before 60 is improbable. Further, it goes as far to name the Pauline epistles as "scripture" — the only time a New Testament work refers to another New Testament work in this way — implying that it postdates them by some time.〔Dale Martin 2009 (lecture). . Yale University. Accessed July 22, 2013. (Lecture 24 (transcript) )〕 Chester & Martin say scholars consider the epistle to be written between ''c'' AD 100–150〔Chester, A & Martin, RP, (1994), The Theology of the letters of James, Peter & Jude, CUP, p.144〕 and so contend that it is pseudepigraphical. For an argument for a late date see Harris.〔Harris, Stephen L.. ''Understanding the Bible: a reader's introduction'', 2nd ed. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985. p. 354〕 For a 'middle date' see Bauckham who opts for a date between AD 80–90 as most probable.〔Bauckham, RJ (1983), ''World Bible Commentary'', Vol. 50, Jude-2 Peter, Waco, p.158〕 For an early date and (usually) for a defense of the Apostle Peter's authorship see Kruger,〔(Kruger, MJ, (1999) "The Authenticity of 2 Peter", ''Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society'' 42.4, p.645-671 )〕 Zahn,〔e.g. S. T. Zahn, ''Introduction to the New Testament'' II p. 250〕 Spitta,〔F. Spitta, ''Der Zweite Brief des Petrus und der Brief des Judas'' (1885)〕 Bigg,〔C. Bigg, ‘The Epistles of St Peter and St Jude’, in ''International Critical Commentary''〕 and Green.〔E. M. B. Green, ''2 Peter Reconsidered'' (1961) and other works.〕 Jeremy Duff argues that the various strands of evidence "point towards the period 60–130 CE, with some reason to favour 80–90 CE."〔Jeremy Duff. "2 Peter". ''Oxford Bible Commentary''. Oxford University Press. 2001.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Second Epistle of Peter」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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