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Seenotdienst
The ''Seenotdienst'' (sea rescue service) was a German military organization formed within the ''Luftwaffe'' (German Air Force) to save downed airmen from emergency water landings. The ''Seenotdienst'' operated from 1935 to 1945 and was the first organized air-sea rescue service.〔Feltus, Pamela. History and the Headlines. ("Air-Sea Rescue." ) ABC-CLIO, 2008. Retrieved on December 16, 2009.〕
The ''Seenotdienst'' was at first operated as a civilian service run by the military, and later was brought formally into the ''Luftwaffe''. Throughout their existence, the group solved a number of organizational, operational and technical challenges to create an effective rescue force. When British and American air leaders observed the German success, they modeled their own rescue forces after the ''Seenotdienst''.〔 As the Allies of World War II advanced, denying sea areas to German forces, local groups of the ''Seenotdienst'' were disbanded. The last active group served in the Baltic Sea in March 1945.
==1930s==
In 1935, Lieutenant Colonel Konrad Goltz of the ''Luftwaffe'', a supply officer based at the port of Kiel, was given the task of organizing the ''Seenotdienst'', an air-sea rescue organization that would focus on the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Goltz gained coordination with aircraft units of the ''Kriegsmarine'' as well as with civilian lifeboat societies〔 and the ''German Maritime Search and Rescue Service'' (DGzRS, or "Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Rettung Schiffbrüchiger").〔Tilford, 1977.〕 He held administrative command over the Ships and Boats Group which was organized at Kiel within the ''Luftwaffe''.〔 Goltz was to operate the ''Seenotdienst'' as a civilian organization manned by both military and civilian personnel, with civil registrations applied to the aircraft.
Early in 1939, with the growing probability of war against Great Britain, the ''Luftwaffe'' carried out large-scale rescue exercises over water. Land-based German bombers used for search duties proved inadequate in range, so bomber air bases were constructed along the coast to facilitate an air net over the Baltic and North seas.〔 Following this, the ''Luftwaffe'' determined to procure a purpose-built air-sea rescue seaplane, choosing the Heinkel He 59, a twin-engine biplane with floats.〔 A total of 14 He 59s of the oldest models were sent to be fitted with first aid equipment, electrically heated sleeping bags, artificial respiration equipment, a floor hatch with a telescoping ladder to reach the water, a hoist, signaling devices, and lockers to hold all the gear.〔 The Heinkel He 59s were painted white with red crosses to indicate emergency services.〔Lepage, Jean-Denis G. G. ''Aircraft of the Luftwaffe 1935-1945: An Illustrated History'', p. 315. McFarland, 2009. ISBN 0-7864-3937-8〕 A varied collection of small surface craft were placed under the command of the air-sea rescue division.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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