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Self-criticism (or auto-critique) refers to the pointing out of things critical/important to one's own beliefs, thoughts, actions, behaviour or results; it can form part of private, personal reflection or a group discussion. It is an essential element of critical thought, with many regarding it as healthy and necessary for learning (with excessive or enforced self-criticism proving unhealthy). ==In Communist movements== Under some systems of communism, party members who had fallen out of favour with the nomenklatura were sometimes forced to undergo "self-criticism" sessions, producing either written or verbal statements detailing their ideological errors and affirming their renewed belief in the Party line. Self-criticism, however, did not guarantee political rehabilitation, and often offenders were still expelled from the Party, or in some cases even executed. In the Soviet Union, "criticism and self-criticism" were known as ''kritika i samokritika'' (). In the People's Republic of China, self-criticism, called ''ziwo pipan'' (自我批判) or ''jiǎntǎo'' (检讨) in Chinese, is an important part of Maoist practice. (Compare struggle sessions.) Such sessions could be elaborate, public and frequent, and included denunciations. Under the Khmer Rouge, self-criticism sessions were known as ''rien sot'', meaning "religious education". In his memoir ''The Gate'', François Bizot recalls observing the Khmer Rouge engaging in frequent self-criticism to reinforce group cohesion during his imprisonment in rural Cambodia in 1971. He wrote: The Khmer Rouge adopted some of their ideological approach from the Communist Chinese model which they observed on visits in the 1960s. Pol Pot himself visited North Vietnam and China in 1965. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Self-criticism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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