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Semey (Kazakh and Russian Семей / Semey), formerly known as Semipalatinsk ((ロシア語:''Семипала́тинск''), until 2007) and ''Alash-kala'' (Kazakh: ''Алаш-қала'' / ''Alaş-qala'', 1917–1920), is a city in Kazakhstan, in East Kazakhstan Region, and in the Kazakhstan part of Siberia, near the border with the Russian Federation, around north of Almaty, and southeast of the Russian city of Omsk, along the Irtysh River. Population: ==History== The first Russian settlement in the area dates from 1718, when Russia built a fort beside the river Irtysh, near a ruined Buddhist monastery. The monastery's seven buildings lent the fort (and later the city) the name ''Semipalatinsk'' (Russian for "Seven-Chambered City"). The fort suffered frequently from flooding caused by the snowmelt swelling the Irtysh, and in 1778 the fort was relocated upstream to less flood-prone ground. A small city grew around the fort, largely servicing the river trade between the nomadic peoples of Central Asia and the growing Russian Empire. The construction of the Turkestan-Siberia Railway in the early 20th century added to the city's importance, making it a major point of transit between Central Asia and Siberia. On 19 May 1854 Semipalatinsk became the capital of the Semipalatinsk Oblast within the Russian Empire. Between 1917 and 1920 the city operated as the capital of the largely unrecognized Alash Autonomy, a state (1917-1920) after the outbreak of the October revolution in Russia. The city was called Alash-qala during the Alash Autonomy years. Red Army forces loyal to Petrograd took control of the area in 1920. It was the center of the until 17 January 1928, then of the Eastern Kazakhstan Oblast between 17 January 1928 and 14 October 1939 and finally of the Semipalatinsk Oblast between 1939 and 1997. In 1949 the Soviet atomic bomb programme selected a site on the steppe west of the city as the location for its weapons testing. For decades, Kurchatov (the secret city at the heart of the test range named for Igor Kurchatov, father of the Soviet atomic bomb) was home to many of the brightest stars of Soviet weapons science. The Soviet Union operated the Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS) from the first explosion in 1949 until 1989; 456 nuclear tests, including 340 underground and 116 atmospheric tests, took place there. Semey has suffered serious environmental and health effects from the time of its atomic prosperity: nuclear fallout from the atmospheric tests and uncontrolled exposure of the workers, most of whom lived in the city, have given Semey and neighboring villages high rates of cancer, childhood leukemia, impotence and birth defects.〔("Inside the nuclear underworld: Deformity and fear" ), CNN, retrieved 2007-08-31〕 Modern Semey, a bustling university town, has a population exceeding 300,000. Its proximity to the Kazakh border with the Russian Federation, and the large expatriate scientific community attached to the university and to the STS labs, allegedly gives Semey a more Russian character than other Kazakh cities. The oblast of Semipalatinsk merged with the larger East Kazakhstan Region, whose capital city is Oskemen, on 23 May 1997. The Semipalatinsk Bridge, a suspension bridge across the Irtish River, connects the two major parts of Semey. It has a main span of and a total length of .〔 (【引用サイトリンク】title= Semipatalinsk Irtysh River Bridge (2002) ) 〕 Built between 1998 and 2002, it carries road traffic. In 2007 the Semipalatinsk City Council voted unanimously in favour of changing the name of the city to ''Semey''. The Chairman explained that existing name had negative associations with the atomic test-site.〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Semey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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