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| 9.4% others }} | ethnic_groups_year = | demonym = Senegalese | capital = Dakar | latd=14 |latm=40 |latNS=N |longd=17 |longm=25 |longEW=W | largest_city = capital | government_type = | leader_title1 = President | leader_name1 = Macky Sall | leader_title2 = Prime Minister | leader_name2 = Mohammed Dionne | legislature = Parliament | upper_house = Senate (disbanded) | lower_house = National Assembly | area_rank = 87th | area_magnitude = | area_km2 = 196,712 | area_sq_mi = 76,000 | percent_water = 2.1 | population_estimate = 13,567,338 | population_estimate_rank = 67th | population_estimate_year = 2013 | population_census = 13,508,715 | population_census_year = 2013 | population_density_km2 = 68.7 | population_density_sq_mi = 177.7 | population_density_rank = 134th | GDP_PPP = $26.574 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Senegal )〕 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_year = 2012 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,026〔 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal = $13.864 billion〔 | GDP_nominal_year = 2012 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,057〔 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | sovereignty_type = Independence | established_event1 = from Francea | established_date1 = 4 April 1960 | established_event2 = Withdrawal from the Mali Federation | established_date2 = 20 August 1960 | Gini_year = 2011 | Gini_change = | Gini = 40.3 | Gini_ref =〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gini Index )〕 |Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2013 | HDI_change = decrease | HDI = 0.485 |HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = 163rd | currency = CFA franc | currency_code = XOF | country_code = | time_zone = UTC | utc_offset = | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | drives_on = right | calling_code = +221 | cctld = .sn | footnote_a = With French Sudan, as the Mali Federation. }} Senegal (;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Definition of Senegal )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Define Senegal )〕 ), officially the Republic of Senegal ( (:ʁepyblik dy seneɡal)), is a country in West Africa. Senegal's economical and political capital is Dakar. It is the westernmost country in the mainland of the Old World, or Eurafrasia,〔Janet H. Gritzner, Charles F. Gritzner – 2009, Senegal – Page 8〕 and owes its name to the Sénégal River, which borders it to the east and north. The name "Senegal" comes from the Wolof "Sunuu Gaal," which means "Our Boat." Senegal covers a land area of almost and has an estimated population of about 13 million. The climate is Sahelian, but there is a rainy season. == Cultures & Influences == The territory of modern Senegal has been inhabited by various ethnic groups since the prehistoric era. Organized kingdoms emerged around the seventh century, and parts of the country were ruled by prominent regional empires such as the Wolof. The present state of Senegal has its roots in European colonialism, which began during the mid-15th century, when various European powers began competing for trade in the area. The establishment of coastal trading posts gradually gave way to control of the mainland, culminating in French rule of the area by the 19th century, albeit amid much local resistance. Senegal peacefully attained independence from France in 1960, and has since been among the more politically stable countries in Africa. Senegal's economy is centered mostly on commodities and natural resources. Major industries are fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, construction materials, ship construction and repair. Like most African nations, agriculture is a major sector, with Senegal producing several important cash crops, including peanuts, sugarcane, cotton, green beans, tomatoes, melons, and mangoes.〔Ndiaye, Mbalo. ("Senegal agricultural situation country report" ). U.S. Foreign Agricultural Service (January 17, 2007). 〕 Owing to its relative stability, tourism and hospitality are also burgeoning sectors. A multiethnic and secular nation, Senegal is predominantly Sunni Muslim with Sufi and animist influences. French is the official language, although many native languages are spoken and recognized. Since April 2012 Senegal's president has been Macky Sall. Senegal has been a member of the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie since 1970. ==Etymology== Senegal is named after the Senegal River, the etymology of which is contested. One popular theory (proposed by David Boilat in 1853) is that it stems from the Wolof phrase ''sunu gaal'', which means "our canoe" (or pirogue), resulting from a miscommunication between 15th-century Portuguese sailors and Wolof fishermen. The "our canoe" theory has been popularly embraced in modern Senegal for its charm and its use in appeals to national solidarity (e.g. "we're all in the same canoe") are frequently heard in the media. Modern historians believe the name probably refers to the Berber Zenaga people, who lived on the northern side of the river. A competing theory is that it derives from the medieval town of "Sanghana" (also spelled as Isenghan, Asengan, Singhanah), described by the Arab geographer al-Bakri in 1068 as located by the mouth of the river. Some Serer people from the south believe the river's name is derived from the compound of the Serer term ''Sene'' (from Roge Sene, Supreme Deity in Serer religion) and ''O Gal'' (meaning "body of water"). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Senegal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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