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Serock is a town at the north bank of the Zegrze lake in the Legionowo County, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland, around north of Warsaw. It has 4,109 inhabitants (2013). ==History== The first mention of the village dates from 1065 with the so-called "Falsyfikat mogileński" a document from the Benedictine monastery in Mogilno. The town is situated on the route which was the trade route leading from Gdańsk and Truso to Rus'. Serock It showed also in a list from 1113-1124, where it was mentioned as one of the most important princely castles of Mazovia, which operated a river crossing (the Bug and Narew rivers intersect beside Serock) with a customs house. From 1417, Serock was granted city rights under Chełmno law by Janusz I of Warsaw. By then it was already a craft and commercial center. From this period the urban layout was created in the form of the market square and the late Gothic church of the parish. In the 15th and 17th century municipal courts were held there. From 1655-1660, during the Swedish invasion, the city was largely destroyed. From 1795, it was in the Prussian partition, from 1807 it came under the possession of the Duchy of Warsaw, and from 1815 it was under Russian rule. Serock repeatedly was on the battle lines on the outskirts of Warsaw, including in 1794, 1809 and 1831. In 1806, on the orders of Napoleon I fortifications were built in Serock. From 1807 it was a fortress. During the Polish–Austrian war in 1809, it was the operational location of General Józef Niemojewski's troops. Then the fortress was expanded (at the initiative of the French Marshal Davout) until 1811, when it gained greater importance than Modlin Fortress. In 1831 the Polish army formed in Serock (during the November Uprising). In 1870, the city was deprived of city rights. They were recovered in 1923. In September 1939, was a place of fighting during the Invasion of Poland, and again in 1944 and 1945, between the Soviets and the Germans. In December 5, 1939, around 3,000 Jews were deported from the city by the Germans. From 1940-1944 there was a forced labor camp there, and in 1942 the ghetto contained around two thousand people. During World War II, Serock was in the Third Reich, the boundary between the Third Reich and the General Government proceeded along the Narew river. In November and December, 1944 the Eastern Front ran through the town. Germany defended from Serock across the Narew against the Red Army. The Russians launched a massive Katyusha rocket launcher attack resulting in Serock's destruction. After the war it was rebuilt. Today there are no Jews. In the summer of 2000, a visiting descendant of former residents discovered that a number of gravestones (matzevot) were piled up in the city park.〔()〕 The stones had been gathered by a non-Jewish resident who roped off the area. In 2006, a visit by members of the Jewish Records Indexing-Poland project confirmed this and an attempt is under way to establish a memorial on the site of the former Jewish cemetery. The United States Commission for the Preservation of America's Heritage Abroad is involved in the project.〔()〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Serock」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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