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Serpianosaurus
''Serpianosaurus'' is an extinct genus of pachypleurosaurs known from the Middle Triassic (late Anisian and early Ladinian stages) deposits of Switzerland and Germany.
Fossils of the type species, ''S. mirigolensis'', have been found from the middle Grenzbitumenzone, the oldest strata of Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland, an area well known for its abundant pachypleurosaur remains.〔Sander, P. M. (1989). The Pachypleurosaurids (Reptilia: Nothosauria) from the Middle Triassic of Monte San Giorgio (Switzerland) with the Description of a New Species. ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences'' 325(1230):561-666.〕〔 ( ''Serpianosaurus'' in the Paleobiology Database )〕 The locality dates back to sometime around the Anisian/Ladinian boundary of the Middle Triassic, around 237 Ma, with ''Serpianosaurus'' most likely occurring strictly during the earliest Ladinian. This makes it the oldest sauropterygian from Monte San Giorgio known to date.〔Rieppel, C. (1994). The status of ''Anarosaurus multidentatus'' von Huen (Reptilia, Sauropterygia), from the Lower Anisian of the Lechtaler Alps (Arlberg, Austria). ''Paläontologische Zeitschrift'' 69(1-2):289-299.〕 Certain aspects of its morphology also suggest it is one of the most basal forms.
Cajus G. Diedrich in 2013 described and named a second species, ''S. germanicus'', based on a postcranial skeleton and various additional isolated remains from the Karlstadt Formation of Germany. This species represents the oldest well known record of this genus, as it comes from the upper Pelsonian, dating to the late Anisian stage of the Middle Triassic.
The genus can be distinguished from other closely related pachypleurosaurs on the basis of its proportionally large skull and straight jaw. Like many other pachypleurosaurs, sexual dimorphism can be seen in ''Serpianosaurus''. Males and females are thought to differ in humeral size and shape. Any pachyostosis of the ribs is absent in ''Serpianosaurus'' specimens.〔Rieppel, O. (1989). A New Pachypleurosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland. ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences'' 323(1212):1-73.〕 It is closely related to the genus ''Neusticosaurus''.〔(Palaeos )〕
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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