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Severomorsk ((ロシア語:Северомо́рск)) is a closed town in Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located along the Kola Bay northeast of Murmansk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: ==History== It was founded in the second half of the 19th century as the settlement of Vaenga (, Vayenga ).〔(Hiatorical sketch ) (pdf file, retrieved March 29, 2015)〕 The colony of Vayenga was one of the twenty-one included into Alexandrovskaya Volost of Alexandrovsky Uyezd of Arkhangelsk Governorate upon its establishment on July 1, 1920.〔''Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast'', p. 66〕 In 1917, only 13 people lived in Vaenga, engaged in hunting, fishing and cattle farming; however timber yards were established there from 1926. The development of Vaenga as a naval base began in 1933 when a governmental commission decided to establish a Northern Navy Fleet on the Kola Peninsula; in 1934 it was decided that Vaenga would be the forward base for the fleet while Murmansk would be the repair yard. A naval airfield was constructed there in 1937. During World War II, German ground forces mounted an offensive in July 1941 intended to capture the area, but they were successfully stopped at the Murmansk Line. Vaenga and Murmansk were the main ice-free winter destinations for the Arctic convoys, bringing supplies from the Western Allies. In September 1941, No. 151 Wing RAF was based at the airfield at Vaenga operating Hawker Hurricane fighters in support of Soviet forces; by the end of October, they had trained Russian personnel to operate the aircraft and returned to the United Kingdom by sea in November.〔Carter, Eric and Loveless, Antony (2014) ''Force Benedict'', Hodder & Stoughton ISBN 978-1-44478514-2 (pp. 95, 216 and 229)〕 RAF Handley Page Hampden torpedo bombers were based there from September to October 1942. A Royal Navy hospital was established at Vaenga in October 1942, to care for British casualties from Arctic convoy merchant ships and their escorts. On April 18, 1951, it was elevated in status to that of a town under oblast jurisdiction and given its present name,〔''Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast'', pp. 54–58〕 On April 26, 1951, by the Decision of Murmansk Oblast Executive Committee, several inhabited localities of Polyarny District were passed into its jurisdiction.〔 By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR of July 9, 1960, Polyarny District was abolished and the town of Polyarny was administratively subordinated to Severomorsk.〔Decree #741/18〕 At the same time, the territory of Teribersky District was also merged with the territory of Severomorsk, to which the district's low-level administrative divisions were subordinated.〔 Teribersky District was nominally retained as an administrative division and renamed Severomorsky.〔 When Saamsky District was abolished on January 26, 1963, Gremikha, its administrative center, was similarly subordinated to Severomorsk.〔 By the June 17, 1983 Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR Decree, the town of Polyarny was elevated in status to that of a town under oblast jurisdiction, and consequently by the August 10, 1983 Decision of the Murmansk Oblast Executive Committee, several inhabited localities previously subordinated to Severomorsk were transferred to it.〔 On January 1, 2015, the urban-type settlement of Roslyakovo was abolished, with its territory merged into the city of Murmansk.〔Law #1812-01-ZMO〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Severomorsk」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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