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A shadoof or shaduf (an Arabic word, شادوف, ''šādūf''; also anciently known by the Greek name κήλων or κηλώνειον, ''kēlōn'' or ''kēlōneion'') is an irrigation tool. A less common English translation is swape and commonly called a well pole, well sweep or simply a sweep in the United States.〔Knight, Edward Henry. ''Knight's American mechanical dictionary''. Vol. 3. New York, Hurd and Houghton: Riverside Press, 1877. 2,468. Print.〕 The shadoof was an early tool used by Mesopotamian and Nile River peoples to draw water, essentially using a bucket attached to a lever with a fulcrum fixed in the ground. It is still used in many areas of Africa and Asia to draw water. They remain quite common in Hungary's Great Plain, where they are known as "''gémeskút''" (literally, "heron wells") and symbols of the region.〔(Hortobágy National Park )〕 ==Construction== The shadoof consists of an upright frame on which is suspended a long pole or branch, at a distance of about one-fifth of its length from one end. At the long end of this pole hangs a bucket, skin bag, or bitumen-coated reed basket. The bucket can be made in many different styles, sometimes having an uneven base or a part at the top of the skin that can be untied. This allows the water to be immediately distributed rather than manually emptied. The short end carries a weight (clay, stone, or similar) which serves as the counterpoise of a lever. When correctly balanced, the counterweight will support a half-filled bucket, so some effort is used to pull an empty bucket down to the water, but only the same effort is needed to lift a full bucket. With an almost effortless swinging and lifting motion, the waterproof vessel is used to scoop up and carry water from one body of water (typically, a river or pond) to another. At the end of each movement, the water is emptied out into runnels that convey the water along irrigation ditches in the required direction. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shadoof」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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