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Shaivism or Saivism is one of the four most widely followed sects of Hinduism, which reveres the God Shiva as the Supreme Being. It is also known as ''śaiva paṁtha'' ((サンスクリット:शैव पंथ); lit. "pantha associated with Shiva") and ''Saivam'' ((タミル語:சைவம்)). Followers of Shaivam are called "Shaivas" (also "Saivas", "Shaivites" or "Saivarkal"). They believe that Shiva is All and in all, the creator, preserver, destroyer, revealer and concealer of all that is. Shaivism, like some of the other forms of Hinduism, spread to other parts of Southeast Asia, including Java, Bali, and parts of the Southeast Asian continent, including Cambodia. Shiva is sometimes depicted as the fierce God Bhairava. Saivists are more attracted to asceticism than adherents of other Hindu sects, and may be found wandering India with ashen faces performing self-purification rituals.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://hinduism.iskcon.org/tradition/1200.htm )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.hinduism.co.za/hindu3.htm )〕 They worship in the temple and practice yoga, striving to be one with Shiva within.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.himalayanacademy.com/readlearn/basics/four-sects )〕 ==General features== Shaivism is devoted to worship of the god Shiva.〔Tattwananda, pp. 43–44.〕 The Sanskrit word ' (Devanagari ) is an adjective meaning kind, friendly, gracious, or auspicious.〔Apte, p. 919.〕〔Macdonell, p. 314.〕 As a proper name, it means "The Auspicious One", used as a euphemistic name for Rudra.〔 In simple English transliteration, it may be written either as ''Shiva'' or ''Siva''. The worship of Shiva is a pan-Hindu tradition, practiced widely across all of India, Sri Lanka and Nepal.〔Flood (1996), p. 17〕〔 Shaivism has many different schools showing both regional variations and differences in philosophy.〔For an overview of the Shaiva Traditions, see Flood, Gavin, "The Śaiva Traditions", in: Flood (2003), pp. 200–228.〕 Shaivism has a vast literature that includes texts representing multiple philosophical schools, including non-dualist (abheda), dualist (bheda), and non-dual-with-dualism () perspectives.〔Tattwananda, p. 54.〕 Sacred ash came to be used as a sign of Shaivism. Devotees of Shiva wear it as a sectarian mark on their foreheads and other parts of their bodies with reverence. The Sanskrit words ''bhasma''〔Apte, p. 714.〕 and ''vibhuti''〔Apte, p. 866〕 can both be translated as "sacred ash". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shaivism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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