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Shaktism
Shaktism or Shaktidharma (Sanskrit: ', ; lit., "doctrine of power" or "doctrine of the Goddess") is a denomination of Hinduism that focuses worship upon ''Shakti'' or ''Devi'' – the Hindu Divine Mother – as the absolute, ultimate Godhead. It is, along with Shaivism, Vaishnavism, and Smartism one of the primary schools of devotional Hinduism and is especially popular in Bengal and Assam.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url= http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/538054/Shaktism )〕
Shaktism regards Devi (lit., 'the Goddess') as the Supreme Brahman itself, with all other forms of divinity, considered to be merely her diverse manifestations. In the details of its philosophy and practice, Shaktism resembles Shaivism. However, ''Shakta''s (Sanskrit: '', ''), practitioners of Shaktism, focus most or all worship on Shakti, as the dynamic feminine aspect of the Supreme Divine. Shiva, the masculine aspect of divinity, is considered solely transcendent, and his worship is usually relegated to an auxiliary role.
Cults of goddess worship are ancient in India. The branch of Hinduism that worships the goddess, known as Devi, is called Shaktism. Followers of Shaktism recognize Shakti as the power that underlies the male principle, and Devi is often depicted as Parvati the consort of Shiva or as Lakshmi the consort of Vishnu. She is also depicted in other guises, such as the fierce Kali or Durga. Shaktism is closely related with Tantric Hinduism, which teaches rituals and practices for purification of the mind and body.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://hinduism.iskcon.org/tradition/1200.htm )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.hinduism.co.za/hindu3.htm )〕 The Mother Goddess has many forms. Some are gentle, some are fierce. Shaktas use chants, real magic, holy diagrams, yoga and rituals to call forth cosmic forces.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.himalayanacademy.com/readlearn/basics/four-sects )〕
Over the course of its history, Shaktism has inspired great works of Sanskrit literature and Hindu philosophy, and it continues to strongly influence popular Hinduism today. Shaktism is practiced throughout the Indian subcontinent and beyond, in numerous forms, both Tantric and non-Tantric; however, its two largest and most visible schools are the ''Srikula'' (lit., family of ''Sri''), strongest in South India, and the ''Kalikula'' (family of ''Kali''), which prevails in northern and eastern India.
==Overview==
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