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The Shamarpa (; literally, "Person (i.e. Holder) of the Red Crown"),〔(【引用サイトリンク】 A Brief History of the Karmapa-Shamarpa Lineages ) 〕 also known as ''Shamar Rinpoche'', or more formally Künzig Shamar Rinpoche, is a lineage holder of the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism and is regarded to be the mind manifestation of Amitābha. He is traditionally associated with Yangpachen Monastery near Lhasa. The first Shamarpa, Drakpa Senggé (, 1283–1349), was the principal disciple of Rangjung Dorje, 3rd Karmapa Lama. Rangjung Dorje gave this disciple a ruby-red crown and the title "Shamarpa", establishing the second line of reincarnate lamas in Tibetan Buddhism, the Karmapa being the first. The Shamarpa is often referred to as the "Red Hat Karmapa", especially in early Kagyu texts.〔Yeshe Dronma: The Kunzig Shamarpas of Tibet 1992, P. 19.〕 The 5th Dalai Lama saw the Shamarpa as equal to the Karmapa: ==The Shamarpa lineage== Shamarpa considered to be successive reincarnations are listed in "The Garland of Moon Water Crystal" by the 8th Tai Situpa Chökyi Jungne and Belo Tsewang Künkhyab.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】 title =A brief account of the successive Shamarpa reincarnations ) 〕 # Khedrup Drakpa Senge (1284–1349) was the principal disciple of the 3rd Karmapa. # Shamar Khachö Wangpo (1350–1405) was recognized by the 4th Karmapa.〔(The 2nd Shamarpa Shamar Khachö Wangpo 1350-1405 )〕 # Shamar Chöpal Yeshe (1406–1452). Chöpal Yeshe is renowned for having constructed several monasteries and retreat-centers. He was also able to abolish the practice of animal sacrifice in the regions of Tibet where that custom had continued.〔(''The 3rd Karmapa'' Rangjung Dorje 1284 - 1339 )〕 # Shamar Chokyi Drakpa Yeshe Pal Zangpo (1453–1526) was recognized by the 7th Karmapa, who became his Lama. The famous Tibetan monastery Ga Mamo Tashi Rabten was founded by him. He also established many smaller monasteries. During his travels outside Tibet, Chökyi Tragpa built many monasteries, among others there are four monasteries in Bhutan and he was the first of the Shamar reincarnates to visit Nepal where he built a small monastery in Swayambhunath, one of the country's most sacred places. Upon returning to his home-land, he acted as the king of Tibet for a period of twelve years and he ruled the country on the basis of strict adherence to Buddhist principles. # Shamar Köncho Yenlak (1526–1583) was identified by the 8th Karmapa. He also recognized and became the Lama of the 9th Karmapa. # Shamar Mipan Chökyi Wangchuk (1584–1629) was recognized by the 9th Karmapa who was his main Lama. # Shamar Yeshe Nyinpo (1631–1694) was recognized by the 10th Karmapa, and he became the Karmapa's disciple. # Palchen Chökyi Döndrup (1695–1732) was born in Yilmo, Nepal and was taken to Tibet at age 7. He received teachings and instructions from the 11th Karmapa before his death. The Shamarpa in turn, recognized and enthroned 12th Karmapa as the 12th Karmapa and acted as his Root-guru.〔 # Könchog Geway Jungnay (1733–1741) was born in Paro in Bhutan, and was discovered by the 13th Karmapa, but lived only until age nine # Mipam Chödrup Gyamtso (1742–1793) was the stepbrother of the 6th Panchen Lama, Lobsang Palden Yeshe (1738–1780). A dispute over his claim to his stepbrother's material inheritance led to an armed conflict in which the Shamarpa conspired with the Nepalese Gurkha army in 1788.〔Norbu, Thubten Jigme and Turnbull, Colin. 1968. ''Tibet: Its History, Religion and People''. Reprint: Penguin Books, 1987, p. 272.〕〔Stein, R. A. (1972) ''Tibetan Civilization'', p. 88. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-0806-1 (cloth); ISBN 0-8047-0901-7 (pbk)〕 This, and other disputes between the Gelug and Kagyu schools led to the exile from Tibet of the Shamarpa and a legal ban by the Tibetan government on further Shamarpa incarnations〔 This ban remained in place until after the Dalai Lama lost power in Tibet during the 1950s, although it was later revealed that the Karmapa had recognized reincarnations of the Shamarpa secretly during the intervening period.〔Douglas Nik, White Meryl : Karmapa, the Black Hat Lama of Tibet. London, Luzac & Company Ltd., 1976. P. 151.,〕 # Unknown, presumed forced into hiding by the Tibetan government. # Tugsay Jamyang (1895–1947) was the son of the 15th Karmapa. However, it is recorded that he taught and practiced Buddhism as a layman.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://www.kagyu-asia.com/l_shamarpas.html )〕 # Tinlay Kunchap (1948–1950), an infant who survived only a little over a year # Mipham Chokyi Lodro (1952–2014) was born in Derge, Tibet and at the age of four he was recognized by the 16th Karmapa. He died on 11 June 2014 in Germany. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shamarpa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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