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Shapinsay
Shapinsay is one of the Orkney Islands off the north coast of mainland Scotland. There is one village on the island, Balfour, from which roll-on/roll-off car ferries sail to Kirkwall on the Orkney Mainland. Balfour Castle, built in the Scottish Baronial style, is one of the island's most prominent features, a reminder of the Balfour family's domination of Shapinsay during the 18th and 19th centuries; the Balfours transformed life on the island by introducing new agricultural techniques. Other landmarks include a standing stone, an Iron Age broch, a souterrain and a salt-water shower.
With an area of , Shapinsay is the eighth largest island in the Orkney archipelago. It is low-lying and fertile, consequently most of the area is given over to farming. Shapinsay has two nature reserves and is notable for its bird life.
At the 2011 census, Shapinsay had a population of 307.〔 The economy of the island is primarily based on agriculture with the exception of a few small businesses that are largely tourism-related. Plans for the construction of a wind turbine are under consideration.〔
== Etymology ==
Unlike most of the larger Orkney islands, the derivation of the name 'Shapinsay' is not obvious. The final 'ay' is from the Old Norse for ''island'', but the first two syllables are more difficult to interpret. Haswell-Smith (2004) suggests the root may be ''hjalpandis-øy'' (''helpful island'') owing to the presence of a good harbour, although anchorages are plentiful in the archipelago.〔 The first written record dates from 1375 in a reference to ''Scalpandisay'', which may suggest a derivation from ''Judge's island''. Another suggestion is ''Hyalpandi's island'', although no one of that name is known to be associated with Shapinsay.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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