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Sharawadgi or sharawaggi indicates in the West a certain irregularity in landscape design or town planning. It originates from the Japanese term ''shara'aji'' or ''share'aji'' (洒落味、しゃれ味) used for symbolism in design. Merchants from the Dutch East India Company brought the term to Europe at the end of the seventeenth century together with lacquer cabinets and screens acquired by King William III of England and Queen Mary II of England.〔See Wybe Kuitert "Japanese Art, Aesthetics, and a European discourse - unraveling Sharawadgi" Japan Review 2014 ISSN 0915-0986 (Vol.27)〕 ''Sharawadgi'' as a term in written discourse was introduced in England by Sir William Temple (1628-1699) in his essay ''Upon the Gardens of Epicurus'' written in 1685 and published in 1690.〔William Temple. “Upon the Gardens of Epicurus; or Of Gardening in the Year 1685.” In Miscellanea, the Second Part, in Four Essays. Simpson, 1690〕 Temple was an English ambassador residing in The Hague and associating with the King and Queen. He took the exotic, non-symmetric landscapes depicted on such imported art work as supporting his personal preference for irregular landscape scenery. He had seen such irregularity in Dutch gardens where a discourse was on about naturalness in landscapes, planned or not.〔see Wybe Kuitert "Japanese Robes, Sharawadgi, and the landscape discourse of Sir William Temple and Constantijn Huygens" ''Garden History'', 41, 2: (2013) pp.157-176, Plates II-VI ISSN 0307-1243〕 As a result of his introducing of ''sharawadgi'', Temple is considered the originator of the English landscape garden movement.〔See:Geoffrey Jellicoe (ed.) ''The Oxford Companion to Gardens'', Oxford University Press, 1986, p.513〕 Joseph Addison took up this discourse (1712), without direct reference to ''sharawadgi'' whence the original meaning got lost. In England the term reappears with Alexander Pope (1724) and Horace Walpole (1750), to be picked up again by Nikolaus Pevsner who brought ''sharawadgi'' to the field of town planning. Sharawadgi was defined in the 1980s as "Artful irregularity in garden design and, more recently, in town planning."〔John Fleming, Hugh Honour, Nikolaus Pevsner. ''The Penguin Dictionary of Architecture''. 1980, p. 296〕 In the mean time in Japan ''share'aji'' continued to be used in kimono fashion critique where it refers to the symbolism of motifs featuring in kimono dress and matching these to time, place and occasion.〔See Wybe Kuitert "Japanese Art, Aesthetics, and a European discourse - unraveling Sharawadgi" ''Japan Review'' 2014 ISSN 0915-0986 (Vol.27) pp.85-86〕 ==See also== *English landscape garden *Chinoiserie *Picturesque 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sharawadgi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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