|
The term shark attack is used to describe an attack on a human by a shark. Every year around 75 attacks are reported worldwide. Despite their relative rarity, many people fear shark attacks after occasional serial attacks, such as the Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916, and horror fiction and films such as the ''Jaws'' series. Out of more than 480 shark species, only three are responsible for a double-digit number of fatal, unprovoked attacks on humans: the great white, tiger, and bull;〔ISAF (Statistics on Attacking Species of Shark )〕 however, the oceanic whitetip has probably killed many more castaways, not recorded in the statistics. == Statistics == According to the International Shark Attack File (ISAF), between 1580 and 2014 there were 2,778 confirmed unprovoked shark attacks around the world, of which 497 were fatal. Although Australia is ranked the second highest in terms of global shark attacks with 664 unprovoked attacks, it is ranked the highest in terms of shark fatalities, with 232 unprovoked fatalities. The highest death rate occurred in Western Australia, which has experienced 11 fatal attacks since 2000. In 2000, there were 79 shark attacks reported worldwide, 11 of them fatal. In 2005 and 2006 this number decreased to 61 and 62 respectively, while the number of fatalities dropped to only four per year.〔 Of these attacks, the majority occurred in the United States (53 in 2000, 40 in 2005, and 39 in 2006). ''The New York Times'' reported in July 2008 that there had been only one fatal attack in the previous year. On average, there are 16 shark attacks per year in the United States with one fatality every two years. Despite these reports, however, the actual number of fatal shark attacks worldwide remains uncertain. For the majority of Third World coastal nations, there exists no method of reporting suspected shark attacks; therefore, losses and fatalities at near-shore or sea there often remain unsolved or unpublicized.. Australia has the highest number of fatal shark attacks in the world with Western Australia recently becoming the deadliest place in the world for shark attacks, which has also prompted a shark cull by state authorities (later scrapped due to public outrage). However, less than one in every three million scuba dives in Western Australia used to result in a fatal shark attack, before electronic shark attractors became popular. Australia and South Africa's fatality rate for shark attacks is approximately 30 percent. The United States has the highest reported number of shark attacks but has the lowest fatality rate with around 4 percent of those attacked dying. The United States has had a total of 1,085 attacks (44 fatal) during the past 342 years (1670–2012). According to the ISAF, the states in the U.S. in which the most attacks have occurred are Florida, Hawaii, California, Texas, and the Carolinas, though attacks have occurred in almost every coastal state.〔 South Africa has a high number of shark attacks along with a high fatality rate of 27 percent. The location with the most recorded shark attacks is New Smyrna Beach, Florida. Developed nations such as the United States, Australia, both high income countries, and to some extent South Africa, an upper middle income country, facilitate more thorough documentation of shark attacks on humans than poorer coastal countries. The Florida Museum of Natural History compares these statistics with the much higher rate of deaths from other, less feared causes. For example, an average of more than 38 people die annually from lightning strikes in coastal states, while less than 1 person per year is killed by a shark.〔Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida. (A Comparison with the Number of Lightning Fatalities in Coastal United States: 1959–2006 )〕 Even considering only people who go to beaches, a person's chance of getting attacked by a shark in the United States is 1 in 11.5 million, and a person's chance of getting killed by a shark is less than 1 in 264.1 million. In the United States, the annual number of people who drown is 3,306, whereas the annual number of shark fatalities is 1. In New York alone people are bitten 10 times more each year by other people than worldwide by sharks.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Shark Accidents )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shark attack」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|