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Saul
According to the Hebrew Bible, Saul (; ; (ラテン語:Saul); (アラビア語:طالوت), ''Ṭālūt'' or (アラビア語:شاؤل), ''Shā'ūl'') was the first king of a united Kingdom of Israel and Judah. His reign, traditionally placed in the late 11th century BCE, would have marked a switch from a tribal society to statehood.
The oldest accounts of Saul's life and reign are found in the Hebrew Bible. He was reluctantly anointed by the prophet Samuel in response to a popular movement to establish a monarchy, and reigned from Gibeah. After initial successes he lost favor with Samuel and God because of his disobedience to God. His son-in-law, David, was chosen by God to be a king. He fell on his sword (committed suicide) to avoid capture at the battle against the Philistines at Mount Gilboa. He was succeeded by his son, Ish-bosheth, whose brief reign was successfully contested by David. A similar yet different account of Saul's life is given in the Qur'an. Neither the length of Saul's reign, nor the extent of his territory are given in the Biblical account; the former is traditionally fixed at twenty or twenty-two years, but there is no reliable evidence for these numbers.
==Biblical account==
The Biblical accounts of Saul's life are found in the Books of Samuel. The narrative is thought to be composed from various sources by a redactor, because the text contains various internal inconsistencies, to the point that his biography is "often embarrassingly confusing" (say Jacobs ''et al.'' in the Jewish Encyclopedia).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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