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Shennong
Shennong, also known as the Emperor of the Five Grains (''Wǔgǔxiāndì''), was an emperor of China and cultural hero. Shennong has at times been counted amongst the Three Sovereigns (also known as "Three Emperors"), a group of pseudo-mythological and sage-like emperors said to have lived some 4,500 years ago. Shennong has been thought to have taught the ancient Chinese not only their practices of agriculture, but also the use of herbal drugs.〔Christie, 87〕 Shennong is among the group of variously named heroic persons and deities who have been traditionally given credit for various inventions: these include the hoe, plow (both ''leisi'' style and the plowshare), axe, digging wells, agricultural irrigation, preserving stored seeds by using boiled horse urine, the weekly farmers market, the Chinese calendar (especially the division into the 24 ''jieqi'' or solar terms), and to have refined the therapeutic understanding of taking pulse measurements, acupuncture, and moxibustion, and to have instituted the harvest thanksgiving ceremony (Zhaji Sacrificial Rite, later known as the Laji Rite).〔Yang, 190-199〕
"Shennong" can also be taken to refer to his people, the Shennong-shi (t , s , p ''Shénnóngshì'') or "Clan of Shinong". Since ''shì'' can mean both "clan" and "surname" and serve as a masculine honorific like "mister" or "sir", it is sometimes used in reference to his people, sometimes in reference to the individual.
==Mythology==
In Chinese mythology Shennong, besides having taught humans the use of the plow together with other aspects of basic agriculture, the use of medicinal plants, and having been a god of the burning wind (perhaps in some relationship to the Yan Emperor mythos and/or slash-and-burn agriculture,〔Christie, 90〕 in which the ash produced by fire fertilizes the fields), was sometimes said to be a progenitor to, or to have had appointed as one of his ministers, Chi You; and like him, they were both ox-headed, sharp-horned, bronze-foreheaded, and iron-skulled.〔Christie, 90〕 One difference between mythology and science is exemplified in Chinese mythology: Shennong and Huangdi (often known as "the Yellow Emperor") were supposedly friends and fellow scholars, despite the 500 years or seventeen or eighteen generations between the first Shennong and Huangdi; and, that together they shared the alchemical secrets of medicine, immortality, and making gold.〔Christie, text caption 116 and picture of ivory statue 117〕
According to the eighth century AD historian Sima Zhen's commentary to the second century BC Shiji (or, ''Records of the Grand Historian''), Shennong is a kinsman of the Yellow Emperor and is said to be an ancestor, or a patriarch, of the ancient forebears of the Chinese. The Han Chinese regarded them both as their joint ancestors.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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