|
}} |settlement_type = Prefecture-level city |image_skyline = Farviewshijiazhuang.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_map = Location of Shijiazhuang Prefecture within Hebei (China).png |mapsize = |map_caption = Location of Shijiazhuang City jurisdiction in Hebei |pushpin_map = Hebei |pushpin_label_position = left |pushpin_map_caption = Location of the city centre in Hebei |pushpin_mapsize = |coordinates_region = CN-13 |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = People's Republic of China |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Hebei |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |seat_type = Municipal seat |seat = Chang'an District |leader_title = Party Secretary |leader_name = Sun Ruibin () |leader_title1 = Mayor |leader_name1 =Wang Liang () |unit_pref = Metric |area_total_km2 = 15,848 |area_urban_km2 = 15,848 |area_metro_km2 = 2241.81 |population_as_of = 2013 census |population_total = 12,763,700 |population_density_km2 =auto |population_urban = 12,763,700 |population_density_urban_km2 =auto |population_metro = 4,303,700 |population_density_metro_km2 =auto |GDP = 510,020,000,000 |GDP_us = 80,337,090,700 |GDP_PPP_us = 122,216,098,344 |GDP_as_of = 2011 |GDP_ratio = 16.85 |GDP_rank = No.2 in Hebei Province No.27 in Mainland China |GDPPC = 42,686.68 |GDPPC_us = 6,893.56 |GDPPC_PPP_us = 9,566 |GDPPC_rank = |Urban_GDP = |GDP_urban_as_of = |Urban_GDPPC = |HDI = 0.801() |timezone = China Standard |utc_offset = +8 |latd= 38 |latm= 04 |latNS= N |longd=114 |longm= 29 |longEW= E |elevation_m = 83 |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 050000 |blank_name = Licence plate prefixes |blank_info = A |blank1_name = City Flower |blank1_info = Rosa Chinensis |blank2_name = City Tree |blank2_info = Styphnolobium |website = (www.sjz.gov.cn ) |footnotes = }} Shijiazhuang (; ), formerly romanized Shihkiachwang, is the capital and largest city of North China's Hebei Province.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/43579.htm )〕 Administratively a prefecture-level city, it is about southwest of Beijing,〔http://www.distancefromto.net/between/Beijing/Shijiazhuang〕 and it administers eight districts, two county-level cities, and 12 counties. At the 2013 census, it had a total population of 12,763,700, with 4,303,700 in the central (''or metro'') area comprising the seven districts and the county of Zhengding largely conurbated with the Shijiazhuang metropolitan area as urbanization continues to proliferate. Shijiazhuang's total population ranked twelfth in mainland China. Shijiazhuang experienced dramatic growth after the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949. The population of the metropolitan area has more than quadrupled in 30 years as a result of industrialization and infrastructural developments. From 2008 to 2011, Shijiazhuang implemented a three-year plan which concluded with the reorganization of the city resulting in an increase of green areas and new buildings and roads. A train station, airport and a subway system have been opened.〔http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/52434834.html〕 Shijiazhuang is situated east of the Taihang Mountains (Chinese: 太行山; pinyin: Tàiháng Shān), a mountain range extending over 400 kilometres from north to south with an average elevation of 1,500 to 2,000 metres (4,900 to 6,600 ft); making Shijiazhuang a place for hiking, outdoor trips and cycling. ==History== The oldest name of the city was Shiyi. In pre-Han times (i.e., before 206 BC), it was the site of the city of Shiyi in the state of Zhao, and from Han (206 BC–AD 220) to Sui (581–618) times it was the site of a county town with the same name. With the reorganization of local government in the early period of the Tang dynasty (618–907), the county was abolished. Shijiazhuang then became little more than a local market town, subordinated to the flourishing city of Zhengding (modern Zhengding) a few miles to the north. The growth of Shijiazhuang into one of China's major cities began in 1905, when the Beijing–Wuhan (Hankou) railway reached the area, stimulating trade and encouraging local farmers to grow cash crops. Two years later the town became the junction for the new Shitai line, running from Shijiazhuang to Taiyuan, Shanxi. The connection transformed the town from a local collecting centre and market into a communications centre of national importance on the main route from Beijing and Tianjin to Shanxi and later, when the railway from Taiyuan was extended to the southwest to Shaanxi as well. The city also became the centre of an extensive road network. Pre-World War II Shijiazhuang was a large railway town as well as a commercial and collecting centre for Shanxi and regions farther west and for agricultural produce of the North China Plain, particularly grain, tobacco, and cotton. By 1935 it had far outstripped Zhengding as an economic centre. At the end of World War II the character of the city changed when it took on an administrative role as the preeminent city in western Hebei, and developed into an industrial city. Some industries, such as match manufacturing, tobacco processing, and glassmaking, had already been established before the war. On November 12, 1947, the city was captured by Communist forces. In 1948 the city, formerly known as Shímén (), was renamed Shijiazhuang. Xibaipo, a village about from downtown Shijiazhuang, in Pingshan County was the location of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army during the decisive stages of the Chinese Civil War between May 26, 1948 and March 23, 1949, at which point they were moved to Beijing. Today, the area is a memorial site. After 1949 the industrialisation of the city gathered momentum. Its population more than tripled in the decade 1948–58. In the 1950s, the city experienced a major expansion in the textile industry, with large-scale cotton spinning, weaving, printing, and dyeing works. In addition there are plants processing local farm produce. In the 1960s it was the site of a new chemical industry, with plants producing fertilizer and caustic soda. Shijiazhuang also became an engineering base, with a tractor-accessory plant. There are important coal deposits at Jingxing and Huailu, now named Luquan, a few miles to the west in the foothills of the Taihang Mountains, which provide fuel for a thermal-generating plant supplying power to local industries. The city's role as a transport centre has been supplemented by the construction of an airport handling domestic flights. In 1967, Tianjin was again carved out of Hebei, remaining a separate entity today, and thus the provincial capital was moved to Baoding. It was chaotic in the midst of the Cultural Revolution, and under the direction of Mao Zedong, in 1968, to "prepare for war and natural disasters", Shijiazhuang became the provincial capital. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shijiazhuang」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|