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''Shimeji'' (Japanese language：シメジ, 占地) is a group of edible mushrooms native to East Asia, but also found in northern Europe.〔Hon Shimeji located in Sweden - http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/natur/0,1518,703531,00.html (German) - retrieved June 30 2010〕 ''Hon-shimeji (Lyophyllum shimeji'') is a mycorrhizal fungus and difficult to cultivate. Other species are saprotrophs, and ''buna-shimeji'' is now widely cultivated. ''Shimeji'' is rich in umami tasting compounds such as guanylic acid, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid.〔 (Hyoeiオリジナルコラム（なでしこ通信） 日本人はキノコが大好き ), Hyogo NCC College.〕 ==Species== There are several species sold as shimeji mushrooms. All are saprotroph except ''Lyophyllum shimeji''. ;Mycorrhiza * ''Hon-shimeji'' (:ja:ホンシメジ), ''Lyophyllum shimeji'' :The cultivation methods have been patented by several groups, such as Takara Bio〔(METHOD FOR ARTIFICIALLY CULTURING LYOPHYLLUM SHIMEJI ), TAKARA AGURI KK, JP2001120059. (ARTIFICIAL CULTIVATION METHOD OF LYOPHYLLUM SHIMEJI ), TAKARA BIO INC, JP2007143565.〕 and Yamasa,〔(NEW STRAIN OF LYOPHYLLUM SHIMEJI AND USE OF THE SAME ), YAMASA SHOYU KK, JP2006271234. (METHOD FOR ARTIFICIALLY CULTURING LYOPHYLLUM SHIMEJI AND CULTURE MEDIUM ), Yamasa Shoyu KK, JP2007054044.〕 and the cultivated ''hon-shimeji'' is available from several manufacturers in Japan.〔 (雪国本しめじ ), Yukiguni Maitake Co.,Ltd.〕〔 (ヤマサほんしめじ ), Yamasa Coorporation.〕 ;Saprotroph * ''Buna-shimeji'' (:ja:ブナシメジ lit. beech shimeji), ''Hypsizygus tessellatus'', also known in English as the Brown Beech or Brown Clamshell Mushroom :''Hypsizygus marmoreus'' is a synonym of ''Hypsizigus tessellatus''. Cultivation of ''Buna-shimeji'' was first patented by Takara Shuzo Co.,Ltd. in 1972 as ''hon-shimeji'' and the production started in 1973 in Japan.〔 (Hypsizigus marmoreus - 長期利用微生物参考データ（食品工業利用微生物） ), Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan.〕 Now, several breeds are widely cultivated and sold fresh in markets. * ''Bunapi-shimeji'' (:ja:ブナピー), known in English as the White Beech or White Clamshell Mushroom :''Bunapi'' was selected from UV-irradiated ''buna-shimeji'' ('hokuto #8' x 'hokuto #12') and the breed was registered as 'hokuto shiro #1' by Hokuto Corporation.〔(Bunashimeji and Bunapi ), Hokuto Corporation.〕〔 ( ホクト白１号菌 (第13294号) ), Plant Variety Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan).〕 * ''Hatake-shimeji'' (ja:ハタケシメジ), ''Lyophyllum decastes'' * ''Shirotamogidake'' (ja:シロタモギダケ), ''Hypsizigus ulmarius'' :These two species had been also sold as ''hon-shimeji''. * ''Velvet pioppino'' (alias Velvet pioppini, Black poplar mushroom, Chinese: 茶樹菇), ''Agrocybe aegerita'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shimeji」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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