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Shiphrah ((ヘブライ語:שִׁפְרָה) ') was one of two midwives who helped prevent the genocide of Hebrew children by the Egyptians, according to Exodus 1:15-21. ==Midrashic Interpretations== The 11th century Jewish rabbi Rashi's Talmud commentary on the passage from Exodus identifies Shiphrah with Jochebed, the mother of Moses, and Puah with Miriam, Moses' sister, making the two midwives mother and daughter respectively.〔See for example Judah Loew ben Bezalel's Gur Aryeh: Sifrei Chachamim ('Books of the Wise')〕 Commentators have interpreted Exodus 1:20-21 in various ways.〔Magonet, Jonathan (1992) ''Bible Lives'' (London: SCM), 7 - 8〕 Some scholars argue that the two halves of each verse are parallel, so that it is the Israelites ('who multiplied and grew greatly') for whom God 'made houses'. This fits with the reference in Exodus 1:1 to the children of Israel coming down to Egypt, each with his 'house'. However, as Jonathan Magonet notes,〔Magonet, Jonathan (1992) ''Bible Lives'' (London: SCM), 8〕 the more common view is that the houses are for the midwives - 'houses' here being understood as 'dynasties'. Rabbinic thought has understood these as the houses of kehunah (priesthood), leviyah (assistants to the priests), and royalty - the latter interpreted as coming from Miriam.〔See for example Talmud Tractate Sotah 11b; and Exodus Rabbah 1:17〕 Francine Klagsbrun said that the refusal of Shiphrah and her colleague Puah to follow the Pharaoh's genocidal instructions "may be the first known incident of civil disobedience in history" (''Voices of Wisdom'', ISBN 0-394-40159-X). Jonathan Magonet agrees, calling them 'the earliest, and in some ways the most powerful, examples, of resistance to an evil regime'.〔Magonet, Jonathan (1992) ''Bible Lives'' (London: SCM), 8〕 The name means 'improved' or 'beautiful' (in modern Hebrew, ''leshaper'' means "to improve"). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shiphrah」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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