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Bhinmal is a town in the Jalore District of Rajasthan, India. It is 72 km south of Jalore town. The name Bhinmal is derived from the word Shrimal. Bhinmal was the old capital of ancient Gujarat - the kingdom of the Gurjaras (or Gujjars) during medieval period. The town is the birthplace of the Sanskrit poet Magha and mathematician and astronomer Brahmagupta. == History == Previously Bhinmal was called Shrimaal nagar. Shrimali Brahmins community originate from here. Bhinmal was the early capital of the kingdom of Gurjara, a name derived from the Gurjara people. The name of the town during the medieval age was Bhillamal. Xuanzang visited Bhillamal (Bhinmal) in about 641 AD. He called it ''Pi-lo-mo-lo'' and documented the Gurjara kingdom 833 miles in circuit, the second largest kingdom in Western India.〔 〕 Stone inscriptions of the year 1333 of the Vikrama Samvat (1277 AD) are found among ruins of some ancient temples across the town. There are signs that Lord Mahavira Swami, the 24th Jain Tirthankar, wandered here, known as 'jeevit swami'. According to the Chinese traveller Xuanzang, the King of Bhinmal was a Kshatriya, celebrated for his wisdom and virtue, a believer in Buddhism and Jainism and a man of exceptional abilities. He was just twenty years old. The people of the country were flourishing. Brahmanism and Jainism dominated the city. There was only one Buddhist monastery with 100 monks in 'Buddha Vaas' neighbourhood. Ala ud din Khilji as the second ruler of the Khilji dynasty also destroyed and looted Srimala (ancient Bhinmal) when he conquered Jalore in 1310 AD. Prior to that ,Srimala was a premier city of northwestern India. The city was laid out in the shape of a square. It has 84 gates. The mid-15th-century chronicle ''Kanhadade Prabandha'' provide the descriptions of many Islamic attacks on Bhinmal. There were several temples of Jain Tirthankar and Hindu gods such as Ganapati, Kshetrapala, Chandikadevi, and Shiva. The Sun temple of Bhinmal known as ''Jagatsvami'' was one of the earliest and most famous temples of Rajasthan. The temple had beautiful ''torana'' (archway). The temple was perhaps built during the reign of Gurjara Pratiharas who were sun worshippers. In ancient time, the festival was held at temple in the Hindu calendar month of Asvin. There were also a number of Jain temples, the one of Mahavira (''Mhaveerji'') being the most famous. This temple was built by king Kumarpal and established by Acharya Hemachandra, dedicated to 1st Jain Tirthankar Rishabha. Currently, the temple is dedicated to the 24th Jain Tirthankar Mahavira, re-established by Vidhyachandra Suri of Tapagachha, belonging to the Tristutik sect. Bhinmal was a great centre of learning. The well known Sanskrit poet Magha, the author of ''Sisupalavadha,'' lived here in 680 AD. Brahmagupta, the well-known mathematicians astronomer, was born in 598 AD in Bhinmal. He is likely to have lived most of his life in the town, during the empire of Harsha. As a result Brahmagupta is often referred to as Bhillamalacarya, the teacher from Bhillamala (Bhinmal). He was the head of the astronomical observatory at Ujjain, and during his tenure he wrote two texts on mathematics and astronomy: The Brahma Sphuta Siddhanta in 628, and the Khandakhadyaka in 665. The well known Jain scholar Siddharshi Gani, a resident of Bhinmal wrote ''Upmitibahava prapancha katha'' in 905 AD. The Jain Ramayana was written by Jain monk Vijayagani in 1595 AD. Jain Acharya Udyotan Suri wrote ''kuvyalmala'' (a Sanskrit story book) here. The city of Bhinmal had four gates. At a distance of 8 kilometres in the north there was the Jalori gate, in the south Laxmi gate, in the east the Sun gate and in the west Sanchori gate. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bhinmal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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