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Shu'fat ((アラビア語:شعفاط) '), also ''Shuafat'' and ''Sha'fat'',〔Palmer, 1881, p. (326 )〕〔de Saulcy, 1854, p. (116 )〕 is a Palestinian Arab neighborhood of East Jerusalem, forming part of north-eastern Jerusalem. Located on the old Jerusalem-Ramallah road about three miles north of the Old City, Shu'fat has a population of 35,000 residents. Shu'fat refugee camp was established by king Hussein of Jordan in 1965 to house Palestinian refugees from the Jerusalem, Lydda, Jaffa and Ramleh areas, after the Mascar camp in the Jewish quarter of the Old City had been closed.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Shu'fat refugee camp )〕 Shu'fat borders Pisgat Ze'ev and Beit Hanina on the north, Shu'fat refugee camp on the east, French Hill on the south, and Ramat Shlomo on the west.〔 Shu'fat is located in the part of the West Bank which was included in the municipal boundaries of Jerusalem after its occupation in 1967. ==History== Shuafat has been the site of intermittent habitation since at least 2000 BC. Biblical identifications include Gebim, a village in north Jerusalem whose inhabitants fled the approaching Assyrian army, according to the Book of Isaiah, Mizpah in Benjamin,〔Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, pp. (13 )-14〕 and Nob.〔Geikie, 1887, pp. (158 )–159.〕 Tell el-Ful is located on the neighbourhood's outskirts. Following a 1991 archaeological dig in Shuafat by Alexander Onn and Tzvi Greenhut, a room dating to the 2nd century BC was first identified as a prayer room or synagogue, however, this interpretation of the site has later been strongly questioned.〔Bauckham, 1995, p. (192 )〕 During an archaeological salvage dig conducted near the Shuafat refugee camp in preparation for the laying of the tracks for the Jerusalem Light Rail system, the remains of an ancient Roman settlement, dating back to the Roman Empire were discovered. The settlement was described as a 'sophisticated community impeccably planned by the Roman authorities, with orderly rows of houses and two fine public bathhouses to the north.' The findings are said be the first indication of an active Jewish settlement in the area of Jerusalem after the city fell in 70 A.D. The main indication that the settlement was a Jewish one is the assemblage of stone vessels found there. Such vessels, for food storage and serving, were only used by Jews because they were believed not to transmit impurity. However, no remains of ritual baths were discovered, therefore doubts remains about whether the inhabitants were Jews. The baths were probably used by the Roman soldiers.〔〔, Haaretz〕 The place was known to the Crusaders as ''Dersophath'' or ''Dersophach''.〔Pringle, 1997, p. (94 )〕〔Pringle, 1998, #235, pp. (316 ) -317〕 In March 1179, it was noted that its revenues went to the abbey of St Mary of Mount Sion as the result of a grant made by Anselm de Parenti.〔Röhricht, 1893, RRH, pp. (153 ) -154, No 576〕 Remains of a Crusader structure in the center of the village have been found.〔 Guérin thought it was possibly a church: "One () which still today bears the name ''El-Kniseh'' (the church), presents the remains of a Christian sanctuary facing east, whose windows were pointed and which dates in all likelihood from the Middle Ages. Some fine ashlars of antique appearance had been used, along with other smaller material, in the construction of this little church."〔Guérin, 1868, p. (395 )〕 However, Schick found no church, "simply an old Crusading building with two preserved windows. The walls are about 6 feet thick, against which the fellaheen houses are built and so it is not easy to recognise. It was a kind of khan built in the usual Crusading way, with a vault a little higher in the middle than semi-circular."〔Schick, 1891, p. (200 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shuafat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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