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Toghon Temür ((モンゴル語:Тогоонтөмөр), ''Togoontömör''; 25 May 1320 – 23 May 1370), also known by the temple name Huizong () bestowed by the Northern Yuan dynasty in Mongolia and by the posthumous name Shundi () bestowed by the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming dynasty China, was a son of Khutughtu Khan Kusala who ruled as emperor of the Yuan dynasty. Apart from Emperor of China, he is also considered the last Khagan of the Mongol Empire, although it was only nominal due to the division of the empire at the start of the Yuan dynasty.〔Michael Prawdin ''The Mongol Empire and its Legacy''〕〔J. J. Saunders ''The History of Mongol Conquests''〕〔René Grousset ''The Empire of Steppes''〕 During the last years of his reign, the Yuan was overthrown by the Red Turban Rebellion, which established the Ming dynasty, although the Mongols remained in control of Mongolia. Emperor Huizong was a Buddhist student of the Karmapas (heads of the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism) and is considered a previous incarnation of the Tai Situpas. He also notably invited the Jonang savant Dölpopa Shérab Gyeltsen to teach him, but was rebuffed. ==Before succession== Toghon Temür was born to Kuśala, known as Khutughtu Khan or Emperor Mingzong, when he was in exile in Central Asia. Toghon Temür's mother was Mailaiti, descendant of Arslan, the chief of the Karluks.〔Andreas Radbruch, ed. ''Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting''. Berlin: Springer, 1992 or 2000 ISBN 0-387-55594-3 ISBN 3540656308, p. 129〕 Following the civil war known as the War of the Two Capitals that broke out after the death of Yesün Temür (Emperor Taiding) in 1328, Toghon Temür attended his father and entered Shangdu from Mongolia. However, after Kuśala died and his younger brother was restored to the throne as Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür (Emperor Wenzong), he was kept from the court and was banished to Goryeo (modern Korea) and later to Guangxi in South China. While he was in exile, his stepmother Babusha was executed. When Emperor Wenzong died in 1332, his widow Budashiri respected his will to make the son of Kuśala's succeed to the throne instead of Wenzong's own son, El Tegüs. However, it was not Toghon Temür but his younger half-brother Rinchinbal, who was enthroned as Rinchinbal Khan (Emperor Ningzong). However, he died only two months into his reign. The de facto ruler, El Temür, attempted to install El Tegüs as emperor but was stopped by Dowager Empress Budashiri. As a result, Toghon Temür was summoned back from Guangxi. El Temür feared that Toghon Temür, who was too mature to be a puppet, would take arms against him since he was suspected of the assassination of Toghon Temür's father, Emperor Mingzong. The enthronement was postponed for six months until El Temür died in 1333. In 1333, Toghon Temür first met Lady Gi, a Korean concubine with whom he fell deeply in love with.〔Kyung Moon Hwang ''A History of Korea'', London: Palgrave, 2010 page 56〕 Lady Gi had been sent to China sometime in the late 1320s as "human tribute" as the Korean kings were required to send a certain number of beautiful teenage girls to serve as concubines to their overlords, the Emperors of China.〔Kyung Moon Hwang ''A History of Korea'', London: Palgrave, 2010 page 56〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Toghon Temür」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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