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The term ''shunpiking'' comes from the word ''shun'', meaning "to avoid", and ''pike'', a term referring to turnpikes, which are roads that require payment of a toll to travel on them.〔(Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary definition of shunpike ): "a side road used to avoid the toll on or the speed and traffic of a superhighway"; (The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. def of shunpiking ): "To travel on side roads, avoiding turnpikes."〕 People who often avoid toll roads sometimes call themselves shunpikers. Historically, the paths around the tollbooths came to be so well known they were called "shun-pikes".〔Daniel Walker Howe, ''What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848'', p.214〕 Shunpiking has also come to mean an avoidance of major highways (regardless of tolls) in preference for bucolic and scenic interludes along lightly traveled country roads. While the motive behind shunpiking is usually little more than a desire to avoid paying tolls, it is also not unheard of from a person or group to engage in shunpiking while travelling to and/or from the scene of a crime that he or she or they are intending to perpetrate or have just perpetrated. In that case, the goal of engaging in shunpiking is to avoid leaving any record of the perpetrator(s) travelling to and/or away from, and/or having been near the scene of the crime. ==Early shunpikes== Shunpikes were in use in the United States in the early 1800s. A shunpike in Morris County, New Jersey dates back to 1804;〔"New-Jersey Journal," () (New Jersey ), Tuesday, March 6, 1804, p.4〕 one near Mt. Holly, Vermont, was in existence at least as early as 1809;〔"Rutland Herald" (), Rutland, Vermont, 21 February 1810 edition, p. 4: advertisement dated 23 December 1809.〕 and one in Hampton Falls, New Hampshire was created circa 1810. A newspaper article in the "New Jersey Journal" of 6 Mar 1804, (p. 4), references a house for sale on Shunpike Road between Morristown and Elizabethtown (), New Jersey. This "Shunpike Road," parts of which are still extant, was in existence the same year that the turnpike opened for business: 1804. It ran southwest of and parallel to the Morris Turnpike (called "Old Turnpike Road. ). It was formed by the improvement and connection of sideroads to enable country people to avoid the expenses of the tolls. Shunpike road ran through the towns of Bottle Hill (called "Madison" ), Chatham, Summit and Springfield.〔"Bottle Hill and Madison : Glimpses and reminiscences from its earliest settlement to the civil war." By William Parkhurst Tuttle. Madison, NJ : Madison Eagle Press, 1916.〕
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