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A shuriken (Japanese 手裏剣; literally: "sword hidden in user's hand") is a traditional Japanese concealed weapon that was generally used for throwing, and sometimes stabbing or slashing. Shuriken were invented in the Three-Year War by Tadamasa. He first created it from a short sword.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.swordsofmight.com/kunaishurikenandninjastars.aspx )〕 They are sharpened hand-held blades made from a variety of everyday items, such as needles, nails and knives, as well as coins, washers, and other flat plates of metal. ''Shuriken'' is the name given to any small-bladed object, while ''shaken'' is traditionally used to indicate the well-known "throwing star". Shuriken are commonly known in the West as throwing stars or ninja stars although they were originally designed in many different shapes. The major varieties of shuriken are the ''bō shuriken'' (棒手裏剣, stick shuriken) and the ''hira shuriken'' (平手裏剣, flat shuriken) or ''shaken'' (車剣, also read as ''kurumaken'', wheel shuriken). Shuriken were supplementary weapons to the sword or in a ''samurai'''s arsenal, although they often had an important tactical effect in battle. The art of wielding the shuriken is known as shurikenjutsu and was taught as a minor part of the martial arts curriculum of many famous schools, such as Yagyū Shinkage-ryū, Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū, Ittō-ryū, Kukishin-ryū, and Togakure-ryū. ==Bo shuriken== ''Bo-shuriken'' are throwing weapons consisting of a straight iron or steel spike, usually four-sided but sometimes round or octagonal in section. Some examples have points on both ends. The length of ''bo-shuriken'' ranges from 12 to 21 cm (5–8 in) and the average weight from 35 to 150 grams (1.2–5.4 ounces). They should not confused with the kunai, which is a thrusting and stabbing implement that is sometimes thrown. ''Bo-shuriken'' were constructed from a wide variety of everyday items, hence there were many shapes and sizes. Some derived their names from the materials of which they were made, such as ''kugi-gata'' (nail form), ''hari-gata'' (needle form) and ''tantō-gata'' (knife form); some were named after an object of similar appearance, such as ''hoko-gata'' (spear form), ''matsuba-gata'' (pine-needle form); others have names that are a simple description of the object being thrown, such as ''kankyuto'' (piercing tool form), ''kunai-gata'' (utility tool form), or ''teppan'' (plate metal) and ''biao'' (pin).〔 The ''bo-shuriken'' is thrown in a number of ways, such as overhead, underarm, sideways and rearwards, but in each case the throw involves the blade sliding out of the hand through the fingers in a smooth, controlled flight. The major throwing methods are the ''jiki da-ho'' (direct-hit method), and the ''han-ten da-ho'' (turning-hit method). These two are technically different, in that the former does not allow the blade to spin before it hits the target, while the latter requires that the blade should spin. Other items such as ''kogai'' (ornamental hairpin), ''kogata'' (utility knife) and ''hashi'' (chopsticks), were thrown in the same way as bo-shuriken although they are not associated with any particular school of shurikenjutsu. The origins of the ''bo-shuriken'' in Japan are still unclear despite continuing research. This is partly because shurikenjutsu was a secret art and also due to the fact that throughout early Japanese history there were many independent exponents of the skill of throwing long, thin objects. The earliest-known reference to a school teaching shurikenjutsu is to Ganritsu Ryu, active during the 17th century. This school utilized a long, thin implement with a bulbous head, thought to be derived from the arrow. Surviving examples of blades used by this school appear to combine an arrow's shape with that of a needle traditionally used in Japanese leatherwork and armor manufacture.〔 There are earlier mentions in written records, such as the ''Osaka Gunki'' (大阪軍記, the military records of Osaka), of the standard knife and short sword being thrown in battle. Miyamoto Musashi is said to have won a duel by throwing his short sword at his opponent, killing him. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shuriken」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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