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A is a kind of Japanese sea spirit with red face and hair and a fondness for alcohol.〔Smith, Richard Gordon. (1908). ''Ancient Tales and Folklore of Japan.'' Chapter XXXVIII, "White Sake," pp. 239-244. London: A. & C. Black. No ISBN. (Reprint edition, Kessinger, Whitefish, MT, no date; http://www.kessinger.net/searchresults-orderthebook.php?ISBN=1428600426; accessed September 18, 2008.) Text and illustrations in color are available at http://books.google.com/books?id=o8QWAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Richard+Gordon+Smith%22&lr=&as_brr=0#PPA239,M1. (Accessed September 14, 2008).〕〔Volker, T. (1975, reprint edition). ''The Animal in Far Eastern Art and Especially in the Art of the Japanese Netsuke, with References to Chinese Origins, Traditions, Legends, and Art.'' Leiden: E.J. Brill. pp. 141-142. ISBN 90-04-04295-4. These pages, which also include some comments about the origin of the ''shōjō'', can be found (here ). (Accessed September 18, 2008).〕 The legend is the subject of a Noh play of the same name.〔Shogakukan Daijisen Editorial Staff (1998), (Dictionary of the Japanese language), Revised Edition. Tokyo: Shogakukan. ISBN 978-4-09-501212-4.〕 There is a Noh mask for this character, as well as a type of Kabuki stage makeup, that bear the name.〔 The Chinese characters are also a Japanese (and Chinese) word for orangutan, and can also be used in Japanese to refer to someone who is particularly fond of alcohol.〔 ==Chinese origins== Mythical creatures named "shēng shēng" (狌狌) or "xīng xīng" (猩猩) are mentioned in three passages of the ''Shan Hai Jing'' ("The Classic of Mountains and Seas"). Birrell,〔Birrell, Anne, translator (1999). ''The Classic of Mountains and Seas''. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-044719-4.〕 who translates the creature's name as "live-lively", thus translates the passages: The Chinese character Birrell translates as "green" (青, qīng) is also used to refer to colors that in English would be considered "blue," (see ''Distinguishing blue from green in language'') and that illustrator Sun Xiao-qin (孫暁琴, Sūn Xiǎo-qín), in ''Illustrated Classics: Classic of Mountains and Seas'' (经典图读山海经, Jīng Diǎn Tú Dú Shān Hǎi Jīng) chose to portray the ''xīng xīng'' from this same passage as having blue fur.〔Wang Gong-qi (王红旗, Wáng Gōng-qí), commentator; Sun Xiao-qin (孫暁琴, Sūn Xiǎo-qín), illustrator (2003). ''Illustrated Classics: The Classic of Mountains and Seas'' (经典图读山海经, Jīng Diǎn Tú Dú Shān Hǎi Jīng). Shanghai: (Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House ). ISBN 7-5326-1172-8.〕 Birrell also includes the following note on the creature: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shōjō」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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