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Sibawayh
Abū Bishr ʿAmr ibn ʿUthmān ibn Qanbar Al-Baṣrī (c. 760–796) ((アラビア語:أبو بشر عمرو بن عثمان بن قنبر البصري)), commonly known as Sībawayh (; Arabized form of the Persian name ''Sēbōē''), was an influential linguist and grammarian of the Arabic language. His seminal work ''Al-Kitab'' was the first written grammar of the language.〔Kees Versteegh, ''The Arabic Linguistic Tradition'', pg. 4. Part of the ''Landmarks in Linguistic Thought'' series, vol. 3. London: Routledge, 1997. ISBN 9780415157575〕 Despite his significance to the development of the Arabic language and linguistic tradition, Sibawayh was an ethnic Persian and wasn't a native speaker of Arabic, having learned the language later in life. He has been referred to as the greatest of all Arabic linguists and one of the greatest linguists of all time in any language.〔Jonathan Owens, ''Early Arabic Grammatical Theory: Heterogeneity and Standardization'', pg. 8. Volume 53 of Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1990. ISBN 9789027245380〕
==Life==
He was of Persian origin, born ca. 760 in Hamadan in modern day Iran.〔Kees Versteegh, ''The Arabic Language'', pg. 58. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2001. Paperback edition. ISBN 9780748614363〕
Sibawayhi was a student of Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi and Yunus ibn Habib,〔Florentin Smarandache and Salah Osman, ''Neutrosophy in Arabic Philosophy'', pg. 83. Ann Arbor: American Research Press, 2007. ISBN 9781931233132〕〔Aryeh Levin, "Sibawayh." Taken from ''History of language sciences: an international handbook on the evolution of the study of language from the beginnings to the present'', pg. 252. Ed. Sylvain Auroux. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2000. ISBN 9783110111033〕〔Francis Joseph Steingass, ''The Assemblies of Al Harîri: The first twenty-six assemblies'', pg. 498. Volume 3 of Oriental translation fund. Trns. Thomas Chenery. Williams and Norgate, 1867.〕 two eminent grammarians. Whenever Sibawayh used the phrase "I asked him" or "he said" without mentioning a name, he was referring to al-Farahidi.〔Introduction to Early Medieval Arabic: Studies on Al-Khalīl Ibn Ahmad, pg. 3. Ed. Karin C. Ryding. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1998. ISBN 9780878406630〕〔Kees Versteegh, ''Arabic Linguistic Tradition'', pg. 25.〕 While he never met Abu 'Amr ibn al-'Ala', he quoted from him 57 times in the ''Kitab'', mainly by transmission via Ibn Habib and al-Farahidi.〔M.G. Carter, Sibawayh, pg. 19. Part of the Makers of Islamic Civilization series. London: I.B. Tauris, 2004. ISBN 9781850436713〕 Sibawayhi was also a student of Harun ibn Musa, though he only quoted the latter five times in the ''Kitab''.〔Kees Versteegh, ''Arabic Grammar and Qurʼānic Exegesis in Early Islam'', pg. 161. Volume 19 of Studies in Semitic languages and linguistics. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 1993. ISBN 9789004098459〕
He died in Shiraz, in Fars, around .
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