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Sidereus Nuncius
''Sidereus Nuncius'' (usually ''Sidereal Messenger'', also ''Starry Messenger'' or ''Sidereal Message'') is a short astronomical treatise (or ''pamphlet'') published in New Latin by Galileo Galilei in March 1610. It was the first published scientific work based on observations made through a telescope, and it contains the results of Galileo's early observations of the imperfect and mountainous Moon, the hundreds of stars that were unable to be seen in either the Milky Way or certain constellations with the naked eye, and the Medicean Stars that appeared to be circling Jupiter.〔Raphael, Renée. ''Sidereus nuncius; or, A Sidereal Message, by Galileo Galilei''. Isis, Vol. 101, No. 3 (September 2010), pp. 644-645. Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science Society.〕
The Latin word ''nuncius'' was typically used during this time period to denote ''messenger''; however, it was also (though less frequently) rendered as ''message''. Though the title ''Sidereus Nuncius'' is usually translated into English as ''Sidereal Messenger'', many of Galileo's early drafts of the book and later related writings indicate that the intended purpose of the book was "simply to report the news about recent developments in astronomy, not to pass himself off solemnly as an ambassador from heaven."〔Rosen, Edward. ''The Title of Galileo's Sidereus nuncius''. Isis, Vol. 41, No. 3/4 (Dec., 1950), pp. 287-289. Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science Society.〕 Therefore, the correct English translation of the title is ''Sidereal Message'' (or often, ''Starry Message'').
A copy of the original edition is a valuable rare book and as of December 2010 has sold at auction for USD $662,500, including premium.
==Telescope==
Although it is unclear who built the first telescope, its invention is commonly credited to Hans Lippershey, a German-Dutch lensmaker. The telescope allows the user to view distant objects as if they were much closer and larger. Galileo was one of the first to use the telescope to view and describe celestial bodies.〔Thomas Harriot preceded him by several months. See (Telescope400 )〕 One of Galileo’s first "Optical Canons," as he referred to them, had 8-10 enlargements (8x to 10x magnification) and was made out of lenses that he had ground himself.〔Righini, A. ''The telescope in the making, the Galileo first telescopic observations'', 2010. Proceedings Of The International Astronomical Union, Volume 6 Issue 269, pp. 27-32.〕 This increased to the 20-enlargement telescope that he used to make the observations in ''Sidereus Nuncius''.〔Byard, M. M. ''A New Heaven: Galileo and the Artists'', 1988. History Today, 38(2), 30.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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