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The Galați steel works ((ルーマニア語、モルドバ語():Combinatul Siderurgic Galaţi)), formally ArcelorMittal Galați and formerly Sidex Galați, is a steel mill in Galaţi, Romania, the country's largest. The idea of building a large steel works in eastern Romania, with access to the Danube and/or the Black Sea, was first discussed in 1958 at a plenary session of the ruling Romanian Workers' Party. The decision was formalized by a decree in July 1960, shortly after the party's 8th Congress approved a huge investment for the project. At the congress, a heated debate took place over where to situate the plant; some wanted it near Constanţa, at Midia or Mangalia, but they were overruled by leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, who had roots in Galați.〔 Building the works went against the wishes of the Soviet Union, whose leader Nikita Khrushchev, supported by the more industrialized Czechoslovakia and East Germany, wanted to have the southern part of the Comecon focus on building agrarian economies. Gheorghiu-Dej stridently opposed this notion, and the Soviets' unwillingness to back the project helped foster Romania's opening towards the West.〔Dragoș Petrescu, "Conflicting Perceptions of (Western) Europe: The Case of Communist Romania, 1958-1989'', in ''Europe in the Eastern Bloc: Imaginations and Discourses'', José M. Faraldo, Paulina Gulińska-Jurgiel, Christian Domnitz (eds.), p.204. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne, 2008. ISBN 978-3-412-20029-9〕 The 30-year-old director of the metallurgical industry's planning and engineering institute (IPROMET) in Bucharest was chosen to design the construction platform. After a thorough scientific study of air currents, groundwater and the stability of the land, a site was chosen in the city itself rather than in Tulucești or in the area between Galați and Brăila. A special company, ICMRSG, was set up to build the works, hiring over 12,000 workers in six months and emptying entire villages in southern Moldavia and northern Muntenia of laborers. The construction site started to be prepared in July 1960. A year later, after the infrastructure needed by the builders had been set up, digging began. The first building to go up was the mechanical preparations workshop. Construction on the first significant production unit, the sheet rolling machine #1, began in April 1963.〔 Costel Crângan, ("Creşterea şi descreşterea Combinatului Siderurgic Galaţi. S-au împlinit 45 de ani de când Ceauşescu a tăiat panglica" ), ''Adevărul'', 28 November 2011; accessed February 19, 2012〕 Gheorghiu-Dej died in March 1965, and his successor, Nicolae Ceauşescu, cut the ribbon to the entrance of the works in September 1966. Integrated production began in July 1968, when all the components needed for steel-making had been set up and the first batch of steel came out at steel mill #1. Activity grew at a consistent pace, and by 1972, there were 40,000 employees—over 50,000 in the entire works, including nearby industrial units. A 2011 study found that two-thirds of Galați residents either worked or used to work at the plant or related factories, or had an immediate family member do so. According to official records, output reached a maximum in 1988, with 8.2 million tons worth some $7.2 billion.〔 By the early 1990s, the works had caused serious air, water and soil pollution in Galați.〔Robert Atkinson, ''The Environment in Eastern Europe: 1990'', p.51. IUCN, 1991 ISBN 2-8317-0036-1〕 As of 2010, there were a number of waste disposal lakes behind the works, some containing cyanides, less than 2 km away from the Danube.〔 Marian Păvălașc, ("La Galaţi se poate produce în orice moment un dezastru ecologic similar cu cel din Ungaria" ), ''Adevărul'', 12 October 2010; accessed June 17, 2012〕 The Communist regime fell in 1989, and in 1991, the works became a joint-stock company called Sidex Galați. This was acquired from the Romanian government in 2001 by a Mittal Steel Company subsidiary,〔 and its debts were forgiven.〔 When the latter took over Arcelor in 2006 to form ArcelorMittal, the plant took on the name ArcelorMittal Galați.〔 (Company history ) at the ArcelorMittal site; accessed February 19, 2012〕 The number of employees fell from 27,600 in 2001 to 8700 in 2011, mainly through voluntary retirements coupled with significant bonuses.〔〔 Adrian Cojocar, ("Cum s-a restructurat în ultimii 20 de ani unul dintre principalii piloni ai industriei: siderurgia" ), ''Ziarul Financiar'', 26 January 2011; accessed February 19, 2012〕 The privatization of the Galați yard was the first such successful endeavor in the Romanian steel industry, which fared especially well in 2006-2008, thanks to foreign and domestic demand for private infrastructure. However, it suffered a downturn with the onset of the late-2000s financial crisis,〔 and output was 3.5 million tons a year by 2011.〔 Galați is Romania's largest steel works, and forms an important part of the city's economy. It is also the only one not to use electric arc furnaces, instead relying on iron ore and coal to produce a special type of steel that welds more easily and is thus suitable for making sheet metal.〔〔 (Introduction ) at the Galați City Hall site; accessed February 19, 2012〕 There are two processing plants; five furnaces, including two that run constantly; two steelworks, one of which always runs; three lines for constant casting; a hot rolling machine and a cold roll one; two sheet metal rollers; and a zinc plating line.〔 (Company profile ) at the ArcelorMittal site; accessed February 19, 2012〕 File:Galati 1966 3.jpg|Nicolae Ceauşescu being shown plans of the steel works (1966) File:Galati 1966.jpg|Ceaușescu cutting a ribbon there in the same year ==Notes== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Galați steel works」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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