|
Signalism ( / Signalizam; from: lat. Signum – ''sign, signal'') represents an international neo-avant-garde literal and art movement. It gathered wider support base both in former Yugoslavia and the world in the late 1960's and the beginning of 1970's.〔("Signalism in lexicons" ) (entries from Yugoslav editions, in English), Signalism @ Project Rastko, e-library〕〔Živković, Živan. ("Quarter of century of Signalism" ), 1990.〕 == The origins and methods of Signalism == The beginning of Signalism dates back to 1959 when its founder and main theoretician Miroljub Todorović〔(Miroljub Todorović: Bio-bibliography ), Signalism @ Project Rastko, e-library〕 started with his linguistic experiments. His main belief was that there can be no significant leap forward in poetry without revolutionizing its main medium – the language.〔Daniel Daligand. (Signalisme et pansemiotique ) (2007), Signalism @ Project Rastko, 2008〕〔P. Pet., "Signalizam", an entry in: ''Enciklopedija srpskog naroda'', Belgrade, 2008, str. 1002; also: B.S-P-, ''Todorović Miroljub'' in: ''Enciklopedija srpskog naroda'', Belgrade, 2008, str. 1133.〕 The birth of Signalism in Serbian literature and culture, with its tendency to revolutionize other arts as well (visual, theater, comics,〔Branislav Miltojević. ''Antologija niškog stripa'', Prosveta, Niš, 2004, pp. 72, 265-268〕 music and movies),〔Pavle Levi. (''Cinema by Other Means'' ), Oxford University Press, 2012, pp 98-104〕 came from the need to eliminate the spent models carried on by poetic and cultural traditions, as well as from the necessity to take on the challenges and spirit of the modern technological and electronic civilization. In its program ("Manifesto" and other guiding texts)〔Miroljub Todorović. (''Manifestos and other Essays'' ) (1969-1975)〕 as well as in its art pieces, Signalism made a clean break from the principles of neoromantism and late symbolism still governing Serbian literature. Its goal was set to radically change poetry both through content and form, and make it compatible with the contemporary times. Revolutionizing of the poetic language started with the introduction of the symbols, formulas and linguistic forms of the "hard" sciences (physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, biochemistry and astronomy). Furthermore, the language was made visual by dispersing words and sentences into syllables and letters forming visually recognizable patterns,〔Adriano Spatola, Brendan W. Hennessey, Guy Bennett. (''Toward Total Poetry'' ), Otis Books/Seismicity Editions, 2008, p. 60〕 as well as by introducing non-verbal symbols into the text (drawings, photographs, graphs…) for the purpose of creating a collage of verbal and visual elements.〔Prof. dr Dagmar Burkhart, („Od Carmina figurata ka vizuelnoj poeziji" ), ''Signal'', Belgrade, no. 25-26-27, 2003, 3-10.〕 This first phase of Signalism is often referred to as ''Scientism'', with the most prominent examples including the books "Planeta" (Planet, 1965) and "Putovanje u Zvezdaliju" (A trip to Starland, 1971) as well as poetry cycles "Belančevina" (Protein), "Kiseonik" (Oxygen), "Ožilište" (Nursery) and others in which the topics are Space, Time and Matter. In their for decade long research and creative pursuit that followed, Signalists significantly expanded cognitive boundaries and genre profile of modern Serbian poetry. Signalist poetry can be divided into two main forms: verbal and non-verbal. Verbal poetry consists of scientist, aleatoric (random), stochastic, technological, phenomenological, slang and apeironistic poetry. Non-verbal poetry subtypes include visual, object, sound and gestual poetry. Signalism made significant advances in prose (experimental novel and short story). There is also a number of significant Signalist children literature accomplishments. In visual art strides are made in body art, mail art,〔Džon Held. ''Mejl-Art signalizam'', ''Književni magazin'', broj 91-92, Belgrade, 2009, pp. 8-9.〕 performance and conceptual art. Three manifestos helped define Signalism as a neo-avant-garde movement that negates literal, artistic and cultural heritage, poetic and aesthetic conventions and canonical ways of creativity by insisting on creative experimentation – "Manifesto of scientific poetry" (1968), "Signalist manifesto (Regulae poesis)" (1969) and "Signalism" (1970). The movement was significantly boosted by the international magazine "Signal", inaugurated in 1970. Nine issues of "Signal" appeared between 1970 and 1973, presenting a number of domestic and international artists, as well as printing bibliographical data about the avant-garde publications all around the world. From 1973 until 1995 magazine could not be published, mainly for financial reasons. From 1995 to 2004 another 21 issues of "Signal" appeared. The new release of "Signal" revitalized the Signalist movement and brought an army of young artists into the movement in 21st century. On the work of Miroljub Todorović and Signalism movement that he had founded, three doctoral dissertations have been defended:〔("Three dissertations about Signalism" (Biserka Rajčić: 'Kornhauser's study'; Dragoljub P. Đurić: 'Dissertation on Signalism'; Radovan Vučković: 'Radical disproval of tradition) ), Signalism @ Project Rastko〕 Dr. Julian Kornhauser, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland, 1980; Dr. Živan Živković, Faculty of Philology in Belgrade, 1991 and Dr. Milivoje Pavlović, University of Kosovska Mitrovica, 2002. Twenty monographs have also been published on the same subject. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Signalism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|