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A Signoria ((:siɲɲoˈriːa); from ''Signore'' (:siɲˈɲoːre), or Lord) was an abstract noun meaning (roughly) 'government; governing authority; de facto sovereignty; lordship' in many of the Italian city states during the medieval and renaissance periods. ==The perennial "power vacuum" of medieval Italy== In the sixth century AD, the Emperor Justinian reconquered Italy from the Ostrogoths. The invasion of a new wave of Germanic tribes, the Lombards, doomed this attempt to resurrect the Western Roman Empire, but the repercussions of Justinian's failure resounded further still. For the next thirteen centuries, whilst new nation-states arose in the lands north of the Alps, the Italian political landscape was a patchwork of feuding city states, petty tyrannies, and foreign invaders. For several centuries, the armies and Exarchs, Justinian's successors, were a tenacious force in Italian affairs — strong enough to prevent other powers such as the Holy Roman Empire or the Papacy from establishing a unified Italian state, but too weak to drive out these "interlopers" and re-create Roman Italy. Later, Imperial orders such as the Carolingians, the Ottonians, and Hohenstaufens also managed to impose their overlordship in Italy. But their successes were as transitory as Justinian's and a unified Italian state remained a dream until the nineteenth century. No ultramontanian Empire could succeed in unifying Italy — or in achieving more than a temporary hegemony — because its success threatened the survival of medieval Italy's other powers: the Byzantines, the Papacy, and the Normans. These — and the descendants of the Lombards — who became fused with earlier Italian ethnic groups — conspired against, fought, and eventually destroyed any attempt to create a dominant political order in Italy. It was against this vacuum of authority that one must view the rise of the institutions of the Signoria and the ''Communi''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Signoria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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