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Simeon Kayyara, also spelled ''Shimon Kiara'' (Hebrew: שמעון קיירא), was a Jewish-Babylonian halakist of the first half of the 8th century.〔One of the Jewish sages of Yemen appends the date of the ''Halakhot Gedolot'' 's composition by Simeon Kayyara, saying that the book was written in the 1,054th year of the Seleucid Era, being equivalent to 4,503 ''anno mundi'' (= 743 CE).〕 Although he lived during the Geonic period, he was never officially appointed as a Gaon, and therefore does not bear the title "Gaon." The early identification of his surname with "Qahirah," the Arabic name of Cairo (founded 980), was shown by J.L. Rapoport (''Teshubot ha-Ge'onim,'' ed. Cassel, p. 12, Berlin, 1848) to be impossible. Neubauer's suggestion (''M.J.C.'' ii, p. viii) of its identification with Qayyar in Mesopotamia is equally untenable. It is now generally and more correctly assumed that "Kayyara" is derived from a common noun, and, like the Syro-Arabic "qayyar," originally denoted a dealer in pitch or wax. Rabbinic sources often refer to Kayyara as ''Bahag,'' an abbreviation of ''Ba'al Halakhot Gedolot'' (="author of the ''Halakhot Gedolot''"), after his most important work. == The ''Halakhot Gedolot'' controversy == Kayyara's chief work is purported by some to be the ''Halakhot Gedolot'' (הלכות גדולות) whereas Rabbi Moses ben Jacob of Coucy wrote that in was in fact composed by Rav Yehudai Gaon. Based on anachronistic discrepancies, the Smag's opinion that it was Rav Yehudai Gaon who composed the work Halachoth Gedoloth was thought to be an error. Rabbi David Gans may have been the first to suggest that in was in fact Rav Yehudai Hakohen ben Ahunai gaon of the Sura Academy who is the gaon whom the smag intended as the halachoth gedoloth composer.〔Tzemach Dovid to year 5000, p. 46, vol. 1, (Warsaw 5638 Hebrew Calendar)〕 As to the time of its composition all the older authorities are silent. Abraham ibn Daud alone has an allusion to this problem, which has caused much perplexity. According to him (''Sefer ha-Kabbalah,'' in ''M. J. C.'' i. 63), "Simeon Kayyara wrote his work in the year 741, and after him lived Yehudai Gaon, author of the ''Halakhot Pesukot'', which he compiled from Simeon's ''Halakhot Gedolot.''" This statement cannot be relied upon, as Simeon Kayyara in fact lived in the century following Yehudai Gaon; and Halevy is of the opinion that the names were inadvertently switched, though this reading creates as many problems as it solves. Many ancient authorities, like the geonim Sherira and Hai ben Sherira,〔''Teshubot ha-Ge'onim,'' ed. A. Harkavy, No. 376; Isaiah di Trani, ''Ha-Makhria'', No. 36; ''Teshubot Ge'onim Kadmonim,'' ed. Cassel, No. 87, Berlin, 1848), Samuel ben Jacob Jam'a of Kabez, author of Arabic rules for slaughtering (see Moritz Steinschneider in A. Geiger, ''Jüd. Zeit.'' ii. 76), Israel ben Abba Mari of Marseilles (''Ittur,'' ed. Warsaw, p. 65a; comp. ''Halakhot Gedolot,'' ed. Warsaw, 191b; ed. A. Hildesheimer, p. 387〕 and others, support Kayyara's authorship; and according to A. Epstein, there can be no doubt that Simeon Kayyara wrote the ''Halakhot Gedolot.'' It would also seem from the statements of these authorities that Simeon Kayyara's chief sources were the ''She'eltot'' of Achai Gaon and the ''Halakhot Pesukot'' of Yehudai Gaon. Other authors, in particular from France, Germany and Italy, ascribe this work to Yehudai Gaon. Some scholars have tried to reconcile these two views by saying that the core of the work was written by Yehudai Gaon and that Simeon Kayyara later expanded it. Halevy holds that this "core" is to be identified with the ''Halakhot Pesukot''. Louis Ginzberg (in his ''Geonica'') is of the opinion that the Babylonian recension (see below) is the work of Yehudai Gaon and that Simeon Kayyara expanded it into what is now known as the Spanish recension. Both these views were formed before the discovery of the sole surviving manuscript of the ''Halakhot Pesukot'', and the question may need to be reassessed. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Simeon Kayyara」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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