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Simmaco
Simmaco is an Italian surname of Roman origin. The name can be traced back to before the beginning of the common era, to Ptolemaic Egypt, shortly before the Roman annexation of the area under Augustus as the Roman province of Egypt.
==History==
The family was one of the most prominent Plebeian families during late antiquity, producing several consuls, plebeian tribunes, provincial governors, urban prefects (or "mayors" of the city of Rome), and scholarly men of letters.〔Joseph Hilarius Eckhel, Doctrina Numorum Veterum, v. p. 147.〕〔Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, Editor.〕 Despite being most notable for their defense of Roman polytheism and traditional Roman culture (especially by Quintus Aurelius Symmachus) during the Theodosian persecution of paganism, the family also had several distinguished Christian members during the Ante-Nicene Period, including an early pope, Symmachus.
Being at the centre of the many political trials and tribulation ensuing both before and after the sack of Rome, the family declined significantly. Several members were executed for their political allegiances and religious beliefs, especially by the Goths and Vandals.〔History of the Wars, 5.1.34. Text and translation in H. B. Dewing, Procopius (London: Heinemann, 1968), vol. 3 p. 12f〕〔Boethius, The Consolation of Philosophy, trad. Patrick Gerard Walsh, Oxford University Press, 2000,ISBN 0-19-283883-0, p. xiv.〕
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