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''Gammarus'' is an amphipod crustacean genus in the family Gammaridae. It contains more than 200 described species, making it one of the most speciose genera of crustaceans. Different species have different optimal conditions, particularly in terms of salinity, and different tolerances; ''Gammarus pulex'', for instance, is a purely freshwater species, while ''Gammarus locusta'' is estuarine, only living where the salinity is greater than 25‰. Species of ''Gammarus'' are the typical "scuds" of North America and range widely throughout the Holarctic. A considerable number are also found southwards into the Northern Hemisphere tropics, particularly in Southeast Asia. The following species are included: *''Gammarus abscisus'' G. Karaman, 1973 *''Gammarus abstrusus'' Hou, Platvoet & Li, 2006 *''Gammarus acalceolatus'' Pinkster, 1970 *''Gammarus accolae'' G. Karaman, 1973 *''Gammarus accretus'' Hou & Li, 2002 *''Gammarus acherondytes'' Hubricht & Mackins, 1940 *''Gammarus aequicauda'' (Martynov, 1931) *''Gammarus agrarius'' G. Karaman, 1973 *''Gammarus albimanus'' G. Karaman, 1968 *''Gammarus alsaticus'' Van Straelen, 1924† *''Gammarus anatoliensis'' Schellenberg, 1937 *''Gammarus angulatus'' (Martynov, 1930) *''Gammarus angusticoxalis'' Martynov, 1935 *''Gammarus annandalei'' (Monod, 1924) *''Gammarus annulatus'' Smith, 1873 *''Gammarus anodon'' Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998 *''Gammarus aoculus'' Hou & Li, 2003 *''Gammarus araxenius'' Derzhavin, 1938 *''Gammarus arduus'' G. Karaman, 1975 *''Gammarus argaeus'' Vávra, 1905 *''Gammarus bakhteyaricus'' Khalayi-Pirbalanty & Sari, 2004 *''Gammarus balcanicus'' Schaferna, 1922 *''Gammarus barnaulensis'' Schellenberg, 1937 *''Gammarus baysali'' Özbek et al., 2013 *''Gammarus belli'' G. Karaman, 1984 *''Gammarus bergi'' Martynov, 1930 *''Gammarus birsteini'' Karaman & Pinkster, 1977 *''Gammarus bosniacus'' Schäferna, 1922 *''Gammarus bousfieldi'' Cole & Minckley, 1961 *''Gammarus brevicornis'' (Martynov, 1935) *''Gammarus brevipodus'' Hou, Li & Platvoet, 2004 *''Gammarus breviramus'' Bousfield & Elwood, 1971 *''Gammarus bucharensis'' Martynov, 1935 *''Gammarus caparti'' Petre-Stroobants, 1981 *''Gammarus caucasicus'' Martynov, 1932 *''Gammarus caudisetus'' Viviani, 1805 *''Gammarus chaohuensis'' Hou & Li, 2002 *''Gammarus chevreuxi'' Sexton, 1913 *''Gammarus chimkenti'' G. Karaman, 1984 *''Gammarus chostensis'' Martynov, 1932 *''Gammarus cohabitus'' Hosinger, Shafer, Fong & Culver, 2008 *''Gammarus comosus'' Hou, Li & Gao, 2005 *''Gammarus craspedotrichus'' Hou & Li, 2002 *''Gammarus crenulatus'' G. S. Karaman & Pinkster, 1977 *''Gammarus crinicaudatus'' Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998 *''Gammarus crinicornis'' Stock, 1966 *''Gammarus crispus'' Martynov, 1932 *''Gammarus curvativus'' Hou & Li, 2003 *''Gammarus dabanus'' Tachteew & Mekhanikova, 2000 *''Gammarus daiberi'' Bousfield, 1969 *''Gammarus decorosus'' Meng, Hou & Li, 2003 *''Gammarus denticulatus'' Hou, Li & Morino, 2002 *''Gammarus desperatus'' Cole, 1981 *''Gammarus dorsosetosus'' Mateus & Mateus, 1990 *''Gammarus duebeni'' Liljeborg, 1852 *''Gammarus dulensis'' S. Karaman, 1929 *''Gammarus edwardsi'' Bate, 1862 *''Gammarus effultus'' G. Karaman, 1975 *''Gammarus electrus'' Hou & Li, 2003 *''Gammarus elevatus'' Hou, Li & Morino, 2002 *''Gammarus elvirae'' Iannilli & Ruffo, 2002 *''Gammarus emeiensis'' Hou, Li & Koenemann, 2002 *''Gammarus fasciatus'' Say, 1818 *''Gammarus finmarchicus'' Dahl, 1938 *''Gammarus flabellifera'' Stimpson, 1856 *''Gammarus fluviatilis'' Milne-Edwards, 1840† *''Gammarus fontinalis'' Costa, 1883 *''Gammarus fossarum'' Koch, 1836 *''Gammarus frater'' Karaman & Pinkster, 1977 *''Gammarus frigidus'' Hou & Li, 2004 *''Gammarus galgosensis'' Lee & Kim, 2004 *''Gammarus galgosensis'' Lee & Kim, 1980 *''Gammarus gauthieri'' (S. Karaman, 1935) *''Gammarus glabratus'' Hou & Li, 2003 *''Gammarus goedmakersae'' G. S. Karaman & Pinkster, 1977 *''Gammarus gracilis'' Martynov, 1935 *''Gammarus gregoryi'' Tattersall, 1924 *''Gammarus halilicae'' G. Karaman, 1969 *''Gammarus hegmatanensis'' Hekmatara, Sari & Baladehi, 2011 *''Gammarus hirsutus'' Martynov, 1935 *''Gammarus hongyuanensis'' Barnard & Dai, 1988 *''Gammarus hoonsooi'' Lee, 1986 *''Gammarus hyalelloides'' Cole, 1976 *''Gammarus ibericus'' Margalef, 1951 *''Gammarus inaequicauda'' Stock, 1966 *''Gammarus inberbus'' Karaman & Pinkster, 1977 *''Gammarus inopinatus'' Mateus & Mateus, 1990 *''Gammarus insensibilis'' Stock, 1966 *''Gammarus italicus'' Goedmakers & Pinkster, 1977 *''Gammarus izmirensis'' Özbek, 2007 *''Gammarus jacksoni'' Morino & Whitman, 1995 *''Gammarus jaspidus'' Hou & Li, 2004 *''Gammarus jenneri'' Bynum & Fox, 1977 *''Gammarus kamtschaticus'' Tzvetkova, 1972 *''Gammarus kasymovi'' Aliev, 1997 *''Gammarus katagani'' Özbek, 2012 *''Gammarus kesanensis'' Özbek & Camur-Elipek, 2010 *''Gammarus kesslerianus'' Martynov, 1931 *''Gammarus kischineffensis'' Schellenberg, 1937 *''Gammarus komareki'' (Schaferna, 1922) *''Gammarus korbuensis'' Martynov, 1930 *''Gammarus koshovi'' Bazikalova, 1946 *''Gammarus kyonggiensis'' Lee & Seo, 1990 *''Gammarus laborifer'' Karaman & Pinkster, 1977 *''Gammarus lacustris'' G. O. Sars, 1864 *''Gammarus lasaensis'' Barnard & Dai, 1988 *''Gammarus laticoxalis'' Karaman & Pinkster, 1977 *''Gammarus lawrencianus'' Bousfield, 1956 *''Gammarus lecroyae'' Thoma & Heard, 2009 *''Gammarus ledoyeri'' G. Karaman, 1987 *''Gammarus lepoliensis'' Jazdzewski & Konopacka, 1989 *''Gammarus lichuanensis'' Hou & Li, 2002 *''Gammarus limnaeus'' S. I. smith, 1874 *''Gammarus lobifer'' Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998 *''Gammarus locusta'' (Linnaeus, 1758) *''Gammarus longipedis'' Karaman & Pinkster, 1987 *''Gammarus longisaeta'' Lee & Seo, 1992 *''Gammarus lophacanthus'' Hou & Li, 2002 *''Gammarus lordeganensis'' Khalayi-Pirbalanty & Sari, 2004 *''Gammarus lychnidensis'' Schellenberg, 1943 *''Gammarus macedonicus'' G. Karaman, 1976 *''Gammarus madidus'' Hou & Li, 2005 *''Gammarus marmouchensis'' Fadil, 2006 *''Gammarus maroccanus'' Fadil & Dakki, 2001 *''Gammarus martensi'' Hou & Li, 2004 *''Gammarus matienus'' Derzhavin, 1938 *''Gammarus miae'' Mateus & Mateus, 1990 *''Gammarus microps'' Pinkster & Goedmakers, 1975 *''Gammarus minus'' Say, 1818 *''Gammarus mladeni'' Karaman & Pinkster, 1977 *''Gammarus monospeliensis'' Pinkster, 1972 *''Gammarus montanus'' Hou, Li & Platvoet, 2004 *''Gammarus mucronatus'' Say, 1818 *''Gammarus murarius'' Hou & Li, 2004 *''Gammarus nekkensis'' Uchida, 1935 *''Gammarus ninglangensis'' Hou & Li, 2003 *''Gammarus nipponensis'' Uéno, 1940 *''Gammarus nox'' Stock, 1995 *''Gammarus nudus'' Martynov, 1931 *''Gammarus obnixus'' Karaman & Pinkster, 1977 *''Gammarus obruki'' Özbek, 2012 *''Gammarus oceanicus'' Segerstråle, 1947 *''Gammarus ocellatus'' Martynov, 1930 *''Gammarus ochridensis'' (Schäferna, 1926) *''Gammarus odaensis'' Lee & Kim, 1980 *''Gammarus odettae'' Mateus & Mateus, 1990 *''Gammarus oeningensis'' Heer, 1865† *''Gammarus orinos'' Pinkster & Schol, 1984 *''Gammarus oronticus'' Alouf, 1979 *''Gammarus osellai'' Karaman & Pinkster, 1977 *''Gammarus pageti'' Mateus & Mateus, 1990 *''Gammarus palustris'' Bousfield, 1969 *''Gammarus parechiniformis'' G. Karaman, 1977 *''Gammarus paricrenatus'' Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998 *''Gammarus parthicus'' Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998 *''Gammarus paucispinus'' Hou & Li, 2002 *''Gammarus pavlovici'' *''Gammarus pavo'' Karaman & Pinkster, 1977 *''Gammarus paynei'' Delong, 1992 *''Gammarus pecos'' Cole & Bousfield, 1970 *''Gammarus pellucidus'' Gurjanova, 1930 *''Gammarus pexus'' Hou & Li, 2005 *''Gammarus platvoeti'' Hou & Li, 2003 *''Gammarus pljakici'' G. Karaman, 1964 *''Gammarus plumipes'' Mateus & Mateus, 1990 *''Gammarus praecyrius'' Derzhavin, 1941† *''Gammarus preciosus'' Wang, Hou & Li, 2009 *''Gammarus pretzmanni'' Mateus & Mateus, 1990 *''Gammarus proiectus'' Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998 *''Gammarus pseudoanatoliensis'' Karaman & Pinkster, 1987 *''Gammarus pseudolimnaeus'' Bousfield, 1958 *''Gammarus pseudosyriacus'' Karaman & Pinkster, 1977 *''Gammarus pulex'' Linnaeus, 1758 *''Gammarus qiani'' Hou & Li, 2002 *''Gammarus rambouseki'' S. Karaman, 1931 *''Gammarus retzi'' Maikovsky, 1941† *''Gammarus rifatlensis'' Fadil, 2006 *''Gammarus riparius'' Hou & Li, 2002 *''Gammarus roeselii'' Gervais, 1835 *''Gammarus rouxi'' Pinkster & Goedmakers, 1975 *''Gammarus salemaai'' G. Karaman, 1985 *''Gammarus salinus'' Spooner, 1947 *''Gammarus sepidannus'' Zamanpoore, Poeckl, Grabowski & Schiemer, 2009 *''Gammarus setosus'' Dementieva, 1931 *''Gammarus shanxiensis'' Barnard & Dai, 1988 *''Gammarus shenmuensis'' Hou & Li, 2004 *''Gammarus sichuanensis'' Hou, Li & Zheng, 2002 *''Gammarus sinuolatus'' Hou & Li, 2004 *''Gammarus sirvannus'' Hekmatara, Sari & Baladehi, 2011〔 *''Gammarus sketi'' G. Karaman, 1989 *''Gammarus sobaegensis'' G. Karaman, 1984 *''Gammarus solidus'' G. Karaman, 1977 *''Gammarus songirdaki'' G. Karaman, 1984 *''Gammarus soyoensis'' Lee & Kim, 1980 *''Gammarus spelaeus'' Martynov, 1931 *''Gammarus spinipalmus'' (Chen, 1939) *''Gammarus spooneri'' G. Karaman, 1991 *''Gammarus stagnarius'' Hou, Li & Morino, 2002 *''Gammarus stalagmiticus'' Hou & Li, 2005 *''Gammarus stankokaramani'' G. Karaman, 1976 *''Gammarus stojicevici'' (S. Karaman, 1929) *''Gammarus stupendus'' Pinkster, 1983 *''Gammarus subtypicus'' Stock, 1966 *''Gammarus suifunensis'' Martynov, 1925 *''Gammarus syriacus'' Chevreux, 1895 *''Gammarus takesensis'' Hou, Li & Platvoet, 2004 *''Gammarus taliensis'' Shen, 1954 *''Gammarus tauricus'' Martynov, 1931 *''Gammarus teletzkensis'' Martynov, 1930 *''Gammarus tigrinus'' Sexton, 1939 *''Gammarus topkarai'' Özbek & Balik, 2009 *''Gammarus translucidus'' Hou, Li & Li, 2004 *''Gammarus troglophilus'' Hubricht & Mackins, 1940 *''Gammarus truncatus'' Martynov, 1930 *''Gammarus turanus'' Martynov, 1935 *''Gammarus uludagi'' G. S. Karaman, 1975 *''Gammarus unguiserratus'' Costa, 1853 *''Gammarus ustaoglui'' Özbek & Guloglu, 2005 *''Gammarus varsoviensis'' Jazdzewski, 1975 *''Gammarus vignai'' Pinkster & Karaman, 1978 *''Gammarus wangbangensis'' Lee & Seo, 1990 *''Gammarus wautieri'' Roux, 1967 *''Gammarus wilkitzkii'' Birula, 1897 *''Gammarus xiangfengensis'' Hou & Li, 2002 *''Gammarus zaddachi'' Sexton, 1912 *''Gammarus zagrosensis'' Zamanpoore, Poeckl, Grabowski & Schiemer, 2009 *''Gammarus zeongogensis'' Lee & Kim, 1980 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gammarus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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