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Sirmaniyah
Sirmaniyah ((アラビア語:سرمانية) ''Sirmāniyah'', also spelled ''Sarmania'', ''al-Sarmaniyah'', ''Sermaniye'') is a village in northern Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate, northwest of Hama. Nearby localities include Jisr al-Shughur 12 kilometers to the north, Qarqur to the northeast, al-Ziyarah to the southeast and Farikah to the south. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Sirmaniyah had a population of 2,087 in the 2004 census.〔(General Census of Population and Housing 2004 ). Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Hama Governorate. 〕 Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.
==History==
Sirmaniyah has been identified as the village of "Sarum" where John Maron, the first Maronite patriarch was born. However, the Syrian village of Sarmin to the north has also been identified as "Sarum."〔
In the 12th century Sirmaniyah served as a Crusader fortress and fief known as "Sarmania", part of the Principality of Antioch. Its name derived from the Sarmani family who controlled the castle. The Sarmani were a Germanic family,〔 many of whose members occupied high-ranking offices within the Principality,〔Boulanger, 1966, p. 475.〕 including Gervais of Sarmania.〔Moosa, 1986, p. 329.〕 The fortress was captured by Saladin, the Muslim sultan of the Ayyubid dynasty, on 19 August 1188 after a brief siege.〔Stevenson, 1907 p. 258.〕
Sirmaniyah has seen violence during the ongoing Syrian civil war between the government and opposition forces. According to opposition activists, the village was assaulted by Syrian Army tanks on 10 June 2011, early in the uprising. Fleeing residents of Sirmaniyah were reportedly pursued by Syrian troops.〔(Syria city 'extremely miserable' ). ''Star Tribune''. Article originally published by ''The New York Times'', written by Liam Stack. 2011-06-11.〕 Activists stated that the Syrian Army entered with hundreds of soldiers and "cleaned out three villages," including Sirmaniyah.〔(Syrian army enters Jisr al-Shughur, state TV says ). ''NOW Lebanon''. Originally published by ''Agence France-Presse''. 2011-06-10.〕 At least one person was reportedly killed in the village.〔(Syrian security forces kill seven protestors, activists say ). ''NOW Lebanon''. Originally published by ''Agence France-Presse''. 2011-06-10.〕 On 23 April 2015, heavy clashes were reported in the village as part of a rebel campaign to capture Jisr al-Shughur.〔(Terrorist sympathizers claim to have captured Al-Sirmaniyah ). ''Leith Fadel''. 23 april 2015.〕 On 14 October, the Syrian Army took over the village.〔(Assad's forces take over the villages of Foro and Sirmania ). Local Coordination Committees in Syria. 14 October 2015.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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