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Civil decorations of Pakistan
The Pakistan Civil Awards were established on March 19, 1957, following the proclamation of Pakistan as an independent republic on March 23, 1956. The announcement of civil awards is generally made once a year on Independence Day, August 14, and their investiture takes place on the following Pakistan Day, 23 March. According to the Article 259(2) of the Constitution of Pakistan 1973,〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Government of Pakistan )〕 along with the Decorations Act 1975, the President of Pakistan confers civil awards on Pakistani citizens in recognition of gallantry. Also, there awards for Pride of Performance is conferred for outstanding achievements in the fields of art, literature, science, sports and nursing.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Government of Pakistan )〕 The Pride of Performance and the Orders of Bravery and Excellence are for Pakistani citizens only, but the remaining awards are open to all for eminence and outstanding services to Pakistan in a significant field of activity.
The Civil Awards comprise five orders,〔 each with four descending categories: ''Nishan'' (Order; (ウルドゥー語:نشان)), ''Hilal'' (Crescent; (ウルドゥー語:ہلال)), ''Sitara'' (Star; (ウルドゥー語:ستارہ)) and ''Tamgha'' (Medal; (ウルドゥー語:تمغہ)), as follows:〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.medals.pl/pk/pk1.htm )〕
==Selection process==
In December, ministries and their divisions are invited to recommend candidates to the Cabinet Division. Received nominations are considered by three awards committees after which final proposal is sent to the president for approval. After the approval of the president, the announcements are made on Independence Day and investiture takes place on Pakistan Day.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Pak Docs )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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