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''Siyāsatnāma'' (Persian: سياست نامه, "''Book of Government''"), also known as ''Siyar al-muluk'' (Arabic:سیرالملوك, i.e.: The Lives of Kings), is the most famous work by Nizam al-Mulk, the founder of Nizamiyyah schools in medieval Persia and vizier to the Seljuq sultans Alp Arslan and Malik Shah. Al-Mulk possessed "''immense power''" 〔Esposito, John ''Dictionary of Islam'' p. 235〕 as the head administration for the Seljuq empire over a period of 30 years and was responsible for establishing distinctly Persian forms of government and administration which would last for centuries.〔Morgan, David ''Medieval Persia 1040-1797'' p. 29〕 A great deal of his approach to governing is contained within the Siyasatnama which is in a tradition of Persian-Islamic writing known as the "''Mirrors for Princes''". Written in Persian and composed in the eleventh century, the Siyasatnama was created following the request by Malik Shah that his ministers produce books on government, administration and the troubles facing the nation. However, the treatise compiled by al-Mulk was the only one to receive approval and was consequently accepted as forming "''the law of the constitution of the nation''".〔(Economic Thought of Nizam Al-Mulik Al-Tusi )〕 In all it consists of 50 chapters concerning religion, politics, and various other issues of the day with the final 11 chapters - written shortly prior to Nizam's assassination - dealing mostly with dangers facing the empire and particularly the ascendant threat of the Ismailis.〔(NIZAM al-Mulk )〕 The treatise is concerned with guiding the ruler with regard to the realities of government and how it should be run. It covers ''"the proper role of soldiers, police, spies, and finance officials"''〔Lapidus, Ira ''A History of Islamic Societies'' p. 151〕 and provides ethical advice emphasizing the need for justice and religious piety in the ruler. Al-Mulk defines in detail what he views as justice; that all classes be "''given their due''" and that the weak be protected. Where possible justice is defined by both custom and Muslim law and the ruler is held responsible to God. Anecdotes rooted in Islamic, and occasionally pre-Islamic Persian, culture and history with popular heroes - for example, Mahmud of Ghazna and the pre-Islamic Shah Kushraw Anushirvan - who were considered as exemplars of good and virtue frequently appearing.〔Morgan, David ''Medieval Persia 1040-1797'' p. 30〕 The Siyasatnama is considered to provide insight into the attitude of the Persian elite of the 12th century towards the past of their civilization as well as evidence for methods of the bureaucracy and the extent it was influenced by the pre-Islamic traditions.〔Morgan, David ''Medieval Persia 1040-1797'' p. 30〕 The earliest remaining copy is located in the National Library of Tabriz, in Iran. It was first translated into French in 1891. ==See also== *Persian literature *Mirrors for princes *Nasîhatnâme *Seyahatname *Sefâretnâme 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Siyasatnama」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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