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Skaftafell () is a preservation area in Öræfi, southeast Iceland. It used to be a manor farm and a national park, but has been a part of Vatnajökull National Park since its establishment in 2008. ==Skaftafell National Park == Skaftafell National Park was a national park, situated between Kirkjubæjarklaustur, typically referred to as Klaustur, and Höfn in the south of Iceland. On 7 June 2008, it became a part of the larger Vatnajökull National Park. It was founded on September 15, 1967, and enlarged twice afterwards. Before its inclusion into Vatnajökull National Park, it measured about 4807 km2 (2884 mi2), making it Iceland's second largest national park. It is home to the valley ''Morsárdalur'', the mountain ''Kristínartindar'' and the glacier ''Skaftafellsjökull'' (a spur of the Vatnajökull ice cap). The landscape is very similar to some of the Alps, but it has been formed in thousands of years by different influences of fire (volcanic eruptions of Öræfajökull) and water (the glaciers ''Skeiðarájökull'' and ''Skaftafellsjökull''), the rivers Skeiðará, ''Morsá'' und ''Skaftafellsá''. Volcanic eruptions under the ice-cap can give rise to jökulhlaups (glacial floods) which swell the Skeiðará river massively. The sandy wasteland between the glacier and the sea caused by jökulhlaups is called Skeiðarársandur, and is a typical Sandur. The last large jökulhlaup occurred in 1996. Skaftafell is renowned in Iceland for its agreeable climate and the sunny days in summer, uncommon in the south of Iceland. There is a natural birch wood, Bæjarstaðarskógur, as well as many species of birds and Arctic foxes. The waterfall Svartifoss (''Black Fall'') flows over a step of about 20 metres. Its name comes from the black basalt columns behind it. In the Middle Ages there were some large farms in this area, but they were abandoned after two volcanic eruptions and the ensuing glacier runs. The two surviving farms now mostly make a living from tourism. The park has also an information centre and a campground. There are many hiking trails crossing the area. Nearby hamlets include Kirkjubæjarklaustur, Svínafell, Hof, and Kálfafell. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Skaftafell」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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