| 翻訳と辞書 |
Sclaveni
The Sclaveni was used to describe the southwestern branch of Slavic peoples that the Byzantine Empire came into contact with, and especially the South Slavs in the Balkans. It was widely used during the early Middle Ages, until separate tribal affiliations emerged in the 8th and 9th century.
==Terminology==
The Byzantines broadly grouped the numerous Slav tribes living in proximity with the Eastern Roman Empire into two groups: the Sklavenoi and the Antes.〔Hupchick 2004, p.〕 The Late Roman historians, Jordanes and Procopius both locate the Sklavenoi in the lower Danube (modern Wallachia and Moldavia), although ''Sklavi'' subsequently in Latin sources in connection to events in Lombard Italy. Whilst there were many Sklaveni, the Antes were a specific ethnicon who had a ''foedus'' with the Byzantine Empire, and were probably located in Scythia Minor.〔Procopius ''VII. 14 22-30''. ''And in consequence of this very fact they hold a great amount of land; for they alone inhabit the greatest part of the northern bank of the Ister'' (the Greeks called the lower Danube ''Ister'', whilst the middle Danube was usually called ''Danuvius'' 〕〔Jordanes ''Getica'' ''35'' "''The abode of the Sclaveni extends from th city of Noviodunum .. to the Danaster''〕〔Encyclopedia of European Peoples. Waldman, Mason, Library of Congress, 2006. ''Sklaveni'', p 700〕
The derived Greek term ''Sklavinia(i)'' (, ) was used for the Slav settlements (area, territory) which were initially out of Byzantine control and independent.〔One can judge the status of Slavonic territories, after they were reconquered by Byzantium from the report of Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenit in De administrando imperio ed. by Gy. Moravcsik and R. J. H. Jenkins, Budapest (1949 ), 50, 1-180, p .232. The Morean Sclavinians were described as 'independent' and 'autonomous and self-ruling'〕 The term may be interpreted as "Slav lands" in Byzantium.〔Ив. Дуйчев, ‘Славяни и първобългари’, Известия на Института за българска история, Vols 1, 2 (1951), pp. 197 et seq〕
However, by 800, the term also referred specifically to Slavic mobile military colonists who settled as allies within the territories of the Byzantine Empire. Slavic military settlements appeared in the Peloponnese, Asia Minor, and Italy. The Byzantines also referred to the Avar military elite as Sclaveni. These elites re-established their power-base under either Frankish or Byzantine rule in Pannonia and Moravia.〔"Slavs." ''Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium''. Volume 3, pp. 1916-1919.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Sclaveni」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|