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Skleros
The Skleros ((ギリシア語:Σκληρός); plural: Σκληροί, ''Skleroi''), Latinized Sclerus, feminine form Skleraina (Σκλήραινα), Latinized Scleraena, was a noble Byzantine family active mostly in the 9th–11th centuries as members of the military aristocracy, and as civil functionaries thereafter.
==Origin and early members==
The family descended from north-eastern Asia Minor, either from Lesser Armenia or the theme of Sebasteia. Due to their origin, they have been traditionally regarded as Armenians, although this is nowhere explicitly attested. They have been linked more specifically with the area around Melitene, where a member of the family was active in the 840s, and where the rebellions of Bardas Skleros in the 970s and 980s were centred. After that, they seem to have moved their base to the Anatolic Theme, where they are recorded to have had large estates in the 11th century.
Although the family belonged to the Anatolian military aristocracy, in the 9th century its members are mostly attested as being active in the Balkans: the first Skleros known was a ''strategos'' of the Peloponnese in 805, and in 811, the same office was occupied by Leo Skleros, possibly a son or nephew of the former. Another unnamed member of the family is recorded in the 840s as serving the Arabs and being in conflict with Umar al-Aqta, the emir of Malatya, possibly indicating a fall from favour of the family under the Amorian dynasty. The family seems to have regained a prominent position under Basil I the Macedonian (r. 867–886), for the ''magistros'' and ''anthypatos'' Theodore Skleros is recorded in 869–870. His sons Antony and Niketas became ''patrikioi'', with Antony serving as ''strategos'' of Hellas and Niketas possibly as admiral of the imperial fleet (''droungarios tou ploimou''), while he is also recorded as leading an embassy to the Magyars in 894.
The Skleroi fell into obscurity during the reign of Leo VI the Wise (r. 886–912), who favoured the Doukas and Phokas families. In turn, the Skleroi seem to have supported the usurpation of Romanos Lekapenos: the general Pantherios, who has been tentatively identified as a member of the Skleros clan, became ''strategos'' of Lykandos, of the Thracesian Theme and finally ''domestikos ton scholon'' for a short time in 944–945, before being replaced by Bardas Phokas the Elder after the downfall of the Lekapenoi from power.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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