|
Slavery is a legal or economic system in which principles of property law are applied to humans allowing them to be classified as property, to be owned, bought and sold accordingly, and they cannot withdraw unilaterally from the arrangement. While a person is a slave, the owner is entitled to the productivity of the slave's labour, without any remuneration. The rights and protection of the slave may be regulated by laws and customs in a particular time and place, and a person may become a slave from the time of their capture, purchase or birth. Such slavery is commonly referred to as chattel slavery or traditional slavery. It is the least prevalent form of slavery in the world today. Today, chattel slavery is unlawful in all countries, but a person may still be described as a slave if he or she is forced to work for another person without an ability on their part to unilaterally terminate the arrangement. Such situations are today commonly referred to as "practices similar to slavery". The present form of the slave trade is commonly referred to as human trafficking. Slavery existed before written history and in many cultures.〔 It was once institutionally recognized by most societies, but has now been outlawed in all countries, the last being Mauritania in 2007. However, it continues through such practices as debt bondage, serfdom, domestic servants kept in captivity, certain adoptions in which children are forced to work as slaves, child soldiers, human trafficking and forced marriage. Accordingly, there are still an estimated 20 million to 36 million slaves worldwide.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Slavery's Global Comeback )〕 ==Terminology== The English word ''slave'' comes from Old French ''sclave'', from the Medieval Latin ''sclavus'', from the Byzantine Greek σκλάβος, which, in turn, comes from the ethnonym ''Slav'', because in some early Medieval wars many Slavs were captured and enslaved.〔''Oxford English Dictionary'', 2nd edition 1989, ''s. v.'' 'slave'〕〔Encyclopædia Britannica, (History of Europe – Middle Ages – Growth and innovation – Demographic and agricultural growth )〕 An older theory connected it to the Greek verb ''skyleúo'' 'to strip a slain enemy'.〔F. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache''. 1891, ''s. v.'' 'Sklave'.〕 There is a dispute among modern historians about whether the term "enslaved person" rather than "slave" should be used when describing the victims of slavery. According to those proposing a change in terminology, "slave" perpetuates the crime of slavery in language, by reducing its victims to a nonhuman noun instead of, according to Andi Cumbo-Floyd, "carry() them forward as people, not the property that they were". Other historians prefer "slave" because the term is familiar and shorter, or because it accurately reflects the inhumanity of slavery, with "person" implying a degree of autonomy that slavery did not allow for. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Slavery」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|